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871.
Ans De Vos Inge De Clippeleer Thomas Dewilde 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2009,82(4):761-777
The current article tests a longitudinal model of the process of proactive career behaviours and career success with two samples of graduates making the transition from college to work. Using structural equation modelling, we tested a theoretical model that specified the relationships between career progress goals, career planning, networking behaviours, and career success. A longitudinal panel study was conducted within two samples using a 3‐year (sample 1) and 1‐year (sample 2) time lag between the first and second data collection. The results support the process model and suggest that at graduation, career planning is affected by the goal of making career progress. In turn, career planning is positively associated with networking behaviours. Both career planning and networking at graduation are positively related to career planning and networking 1 year later (sample 1) but in sample 2, in which a 3‐year time lag was used, these relationships were no longer significant. Support is found for the relationship between networking during the early career and objective and subjective career success. The findings are discussed in terms of their general implications for understanding the proactive career behaviour process through which graduates affect their career success during the first years of their professional career. 相似文献
872.
This paper comments on Gallagher’s recently published direct perception proposal about social cognition [Gallagher, S. (2008a). Direct perception in the intersubjective context. Consciousness and Cognition, 17(2), 535–543]. I show that direct perception is in danger of being appropriated by the very cognitivist accounts criticised by Gallagher (theory theory and simulation theory). Then I argue that the experiential directness of perception in social situations can be understood only in the context of the role of the interaction process in social cognition. I elaborate on the role of social interaction with a discussion of participatory sense-making to show that direct perception, rather than being a perception enriched by mainly individual capacities, can be best understood as an interactional phenomenon. 相似文献
873.
The goal of this research is to test the hypothesis that a category is not necessarily represented by all observed exemplars,
but by a reduced subset of these exemplars. To test this hypothesis, we made use of a study reported by Nosofsky, Clark, and
Shin (1989), and replicated their Experiment 1 in order to gather individual-participant data. Both a full exemplar model
and a reduced exemplar model were fit to the data. In general, the fits of the reduced exemplar model were superior to those
of the full exemplar model. The results suggest that only a subset of exemplars may be sufficient for category representation. 相似文献
874.
Matthew L. Dixon Justin Ruppel Jay Pratt Eve De Rosa 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2009,16(2):418-423
We examined whether the selection mechanisms committed to the suppression of ignored stimuli can be modified by experience
to produce a sustained, rather than transient, change in behavior. Subjects repeatedly ignored the shape of stimuli, while
attending to their color. On subsequent attention to shape, there was a robust and sustained decrement in performance that
was selective to when shape was ignored across multiple-colortarget contexts, relative to a single-color-target context. Thus,
amount of time ignored was not sufficient to induce a sustained performance decrement. Moreover, in this group, individual
differences in initial color target selection were associated with the subsequent performance decrement when attending to
previously ignored stimuli. Accompanying this sustained decrement in performance was a transfer in the locus of suppression
from an exemplar (e.g., a circle) to a feature (i.e., shape) level of representation. These data suggest that learning can
influence attentional selection by sustained attentional suppression of ignored stimuli. 相似文献
875.
Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt Rudi De Raedt Chris Baeken 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2009,16(3):609-612
Neuroscience research has identified the involvement of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in cognitive control. Questions
remain, however, about its lateralization correlates during Stroop task performance, an experimental cornerstone on which
a large amount of cognitive control research is based. After reviewing the literature, we find that three Stroop variants
have been used in an attempt to uncover different aspects of cognitive control related to DLPFC involvement. In sum, rapid
and sequential up-regulation of the attentional set seems to be related to the left DLPFC. These attentional adjustments are
based on participants’ expectancies regarding the conflicting nature of the upcoming trial, and not on the conflict itself.
In contrast, the right DLPFC is associated with an overall up-regulation of the attentional set when attentional conflict
is experienced. 相似文献
876.
Emanuele Coco 《Axiomathes》2009,19(4):401-415
The need for European citizens to be more involved in scientific research has emerged from the conclusions of the studies
commissioned by the EC and by independent bodies. In the first part of this contribution, I will discuss the question of whether
a dialogue between society and science is desirable. I will attempt to claim that at least one of the reasons why the dialogue
between science and society should be defended has been underestimated in the course of most of the studies carried out: the
fact the scientific knowledge helps to a create a better, more rounded, more aware human being which can only benefit society.
Subsequently, I will deal with the various genres of scientific literature. While in modern times, communication of scientific
discoveries has been reduced to the article, in the nineteenth century scientists made use of more varied literary forms such
as journals, letters and narrative essays which were more accessible to those who were not specialists but nevertheless curious
about scientific matters. I believe that these more popular forms of writing helped to close the gap between the public and
science. 相似文献
877.
Felipe De Brigard Eric Mandelbaum David Ripley 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2009,12(5):511-524
Some theorists think that the more we get to know about the neural underpinnings of our behaviors, the less likely we will
be to hold people responsible for their actions. This intuition has driven some to suspect that as neuroscience gains insight
into the neurological causes of our actions, people will cease to view others as morally responsible for their actions, thus
creating a troubling quandary for our legal system. This paper provides empirical evidence against such intuitions. Particularly,
our studies of folk intuitions suggest that (1) when the causes of an action are described in neurological terms, they are
not found to be any more exculpatory than when described in psychological terms, and (2) agents are not held fully responsible
even for actions that are fully neurologically caused. 相似文献
878.
Joke Opdenacker Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij Yves Vanden Auweele Filip Boen 《Psychology of sport and exercise》2009,10(6):595-601
ObjectivesA lifestyle physical activity intervention in women based on the transtheoretical model and social–cognitive theory effectively increased physical activity. The aim of the present study was to examine possible mediators (perceived benefits and barriers of physical activity, self-efficacy, processes of change, and social support) of these physical activity changes.MethodsMembers of four units of a women's organization followed a six-month minimal-contact physical activity program. The intervention program included one group meeting, a self-help booklet and five monthly reminder letters. Members of two other units served as control group. Physical activity (accelerometer counts), and psychosocial constructs (self-report questionnaires) were assessed at baseline (pretest) and directly after the intervention (posttest). Women who completed all measurements (n = 101) were included in the mediation analyses.ResultsParticipants in the intervention group reported significantly greater increases in the use of behavioral processes from pretest to posttest than participants in the control group. None of the proposed psychosocial constructs showed a mediating effect on changes in physical activity.ConclusionsThe mechanisms proposed by the transtheoretical model and social–cognitive theory could not explain the positive effect of the intervention on physical activity. Identifying the working components of an intervention remains a challenging and necessary step in the development of effective low-cost and high-reach physical activity interventions. 相似文献
879.
Sarah Doumen Karine Verschueren Evelien Buyse Sofie De Munter Kristel Max Loth Moens 《Infant and child development》2009,18(6):502-520
Two studies extended psychometric research on the Student–Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS) with kindergarten and preschool children (N1 = 60–71; N2 = 35) and their teachers. These studies used a multi‐method approach to replicate and extend previous findings concerning the convergent validity of the STRS Closeness, Conflict, and Dependency scale and to further examine the discriminant validity of the STRS. Study 1 investigated convergence between the STRS scales and child‐ and peer‐reports of the same constructs based on a multi‐trait multi‐method approach. Study 2 examined the pattern of associations between the STRS and indicators of teacher–child relationship quality rated by external observers. Support was found for the convergent validity and to a lesser extent the discriminant validity of the STRS Closeness and Conflict scale. For the STRS Dependency scale, additional research remains necessary. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
880.
Goedele Van Belle Michael De Smet Peter De Graef Luc Van Gool Karl Verfaillie 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(2):279-283
A new stimulus set of 60 male-face stimuli in seven in-depth orientations was developed. The set can be used in research on
configural versus featural mechanisms of face processing. Configural, or holistic, changes are produced by changing the global
form of the face, whereas featural, or part-based, changes are attained by altering the local form of internal facial features.
For each face in the set, there is one other face that differs only by its global form and one other face that differs only
by its internal features. In all faces, extrafacial cues have been eliminated or standardized. The stimulus set also contains
a color-coded division of each face in areas of interest, which is useful for eye movement research on face scanning strategies.
We report a matching experiment with upright and inverted face pairs that demonstrates that the face stimulus set is indeed
useful for research on configural and featural face perception. The stimulus set may be downloaded from the Psychonomic Society’s
archive (brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental) or from our Web site (http://ppw.kuleuven .be/labexppsy/ newSite/resources) 相似文献