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151.
In the present study, we examined the effects of stereotypes and the typicality of traits in retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). The participants in the experiment practiced half of the high-typicality, low-typicality or control traits associated with the name of a stereotype (athlete, scientist) or with the name of a person (Mikel, Jon). With the person name the high-typicality, low-typicality or control traits produced no evidence of stereotype activation. The traits were processed as independent features and generated RIF both immediately and at a one-week interval. Stereotype activation during encoding facilitated the integration of high-typicality traits, avoiding RIF in immediate and one-week recall. Moreover, both high-typicality and low-typicality traits benefited from stereotypes in one-week recognition. These findings show that previous knowledge contributes to integrate stereotypic traits that would otherwise compete for retrieval, thus producing RIF. 相似文献
152.
The diversity of methods, contents and tests used in the study of eyewitness memory may have contributed to discrepancies in results in this field. In this experiment, using incidental or intentional learning, we examine the recall and recognition of actions and details concerning the central and peripheral information of a kidnapping. A similar pattern emerges in free recall, hits and recognition confidence: scores are much higher in actions than in central details and there are almost no differences between peripheral actions and details, showing that the distribution of attentional resources is different for actions and details in central than in peripheral information. Although in recall the degree of error was low, in recognition false alarms, especially those in central actions, reduced the level of accuracy to even lower than chance performance in both incidental and intentional groups, also showing that subjects accept false but plausible contents with a high level of confidence. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
153.
154.
Ana B. Vivas Ioanna Liaromati Elvira Masoura Katerina Chatzikallia 《Psychological research》2010,74(6):524-531
Castel and colleagues (Percept Psychophys 65(6):970–981, 2003) proposed that visuospatial working memory is needed to retain and update the irrelevant but attended location in an inhibition
of return (IOR) procedure. In a series of three experiments, we re-examined this hypothesis by loading visuospatial working
memory and manipulating the timing of encoding. When the visuospatial memory items were presented right after the cue, as
in Castel et al. (Percept Psychophys 65(6):970–981, 2003), we replicated the lack of IOR in the dual-task condition (Experiment 1). However, when we presented the visuospatial memory
items before the spatial cue, to control for retroactive interference in encoding, we found robust IOR effects (Experiment
2); the effect remained strong even when participants were prevented from using verbal labels to rehearse the memory material
(Experiment 3). We conclude that IOR does not seem to depend on retaining the position of the irrelevant cue in visuospatial
working memory. 相似文献
155.
Aaron M. Griffith 《Philosophical Studies》2018,175(1):241-260
The goal of this paper is to make headway on a metaphysics of social construction. In recent work (forthcoming), I’ve argued that social construction should be understood in terms of metaphysical grounding. However, I agree with grounding skeptics like Wilson (Inquiry 1–45, 2014) that bare claims about what grounds what are insufficient for capturing, with fine enough grain, metaphysical dependence structures. To that end, I develop a view on which the social construction of human social kinds (e.g., race) is a kind of realization relation. Social kinds, I argue, are multiply realizable kinds. I depart from the Wilson by further arguing that an appeal to grounding is not otiose when it comes to social construction. Social construction, I claim, belongs to the “big-G” Grounding genus, but it is the specific “small-g” relation of realization at work in cases of human kind social construction. 相似文献
156.
Aaron M. Griffith 《Philosophy and phenomenological research》2018,97(2):393-409
The aim of this paper is to bring recent work on metaphysical grounding to bear on the phenomenon of social construction. It is argued that grounding can be used to analyze social construction and that the grounding framework is helpful for articulating various claims and commitments of social constructionists, especially about social identities, e.g., gender and race. The paper also responds to a number of objections that have been (or could be) leveled against the application of grounding to social construction from Elizabeth Barnes (2014), Mari Mikkola (2015), and Jessica Wilson (2014). 相似文献
157.
Dulek Erin B. Russin Sarah E. Rudd Melissa F. Griffith Frances J. Stein Catherine H. 《Journal of child and family studies》2021,30(6):1607-1618
Journal of Child and Family Studies - Although parents often provide care for adult children coping with serious mental illness, adult siblings are typically expected to assume caregiving... 相似文献
158.
159.
Discriminatory Contexts,Emotions and Civic/Political Engagement among Native Italians and Migrants
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Cinzia Albanesi Davide Mazzoni Elvira Cicognani Bruna Zani 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2016,26(2):179-186
We assume that emotions (anger, shame and hope) mediate the relationship between perceiving a discriminatory context and civic/political engagement. Results of a survey with 1242 participants (mean age 20.7 years; 53% men; 32.8% migrants) showed that such emotions play a different role according to the type of engagement and the population (native Italians versus migrants). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
160.
Luisa Elvira Belaunde 《Journal of Contemporary Religion》2000,15(3):349-359
The examination of Airo-Pai cultural dynamics and narratives of conversion reveals the indigenous interpretation of evangelicalism within the context of land colonisation by non-indigenous Nationals, coca farming and epidemics of diseases. The rejection of drugs and alcohol required of evangelicals is perceived by the indigenous population as instrumental in eradicating substance abuse and violence arising from colonisation. At the same time, the motivation for conversion derives from culturally specific understandings of the moral causes of illness and death and the ambivalent value of psycho-active substances and shamans. Evangelicalism provides a means of conceiving the overcoming of death and asserting an ancestral paradigm of sociality encapsulated in the notion of 'living well'. 相似文献