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121.
Reid Griffith Fontaine 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(5):569-573
The Special Section on developmental research on social information processing (SIP) and antisocial behavior is here introduced.
Following a brief history of SIP theory, comments on several themes—measurement and assessment, attributional and interpretational
style, response evaluation and decision, and the relation between emotion and SIP—that tie together four new empirical investigations
are provided. Notable contributions of these studies are highlighted. 相似文献
122.
Reid Griffith Fontaine Marieh Tanha Chongming Yang Kenneth A. Dodge John E. Bates Gregory S. Pettit 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(5):615-626
The role of hostile attributional style (HAS) in antisocial development has been well-documented. We analyzed longitudinal
data on 585 youths (48% female; 19% ethnic minority) to test the hypothesis that response evaluation and decision (RED) mediates
the relation between HAS and antisocial behavior in adolescence. In Grades 10 and 12, adolescent participants and their parents
reported participants’ antisocial conduct. In Grade 11, participants were asked to imagine themselves in videotaped ambiguous-provocation
scenarios. Segment 1 of each scenario presented an ambiguous provocation, after which participants answered HAS questions.
In segment 2, participants were asked to imagine themselves responding aggressively to the provocateur, after which RED was
assessed. Structural equation modeling indicated that RED mediates the relation between HAS and subsequent antisocial conduct,
controlling for previous misconduct. Findings are consistent with research on the development of executive function processes
in adolescence, and suggest that the relation between HAS and RED changes after childhood. 相似文献
123.
Elvira M. Zilliacus Bettina Meiser Elizabeth A. Lobb Judy Kirk Linda Warwick Katherine Tucker 《Journal of genetic counseling》2010,19(5):463-472
Telegenetics offers an alternative model of delivering genetic counseling to rural and outreach areas; however there is a
dearth of qualitative research into the patient’s experience. Twelve women who had received telemedicine genetic counseling
for hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer (HBOC) within the previous 12 months participated in a semi-structured telephone
interview. The interview explored women’s experience with telegenetics, satisfaction, perceived advantages and disadvantages
and quality of the interaction with their genetic professionals. Overall women were highly satisfied with telegenetics. Telegenetics
offered them convenience and reduced travel and associated costs. The majority of women described feeling a high degree of
social presence, or rapport, with the off-site genetic clinician. One woman with a recent cancer diagnosis, reported that
telemedicine was unable to meet her needs for psychosocial support. This finding highlights the need to be mindful of the
psychosocial support needs of women with a recent diagnosis being seen via telegenetics. Patients attending for HBOC genetic
counseling are generally highly satisfied with the technology and the interaction. Care should be taken, however, with patients
with more complex psychosocial needs. 相似文献
124.
Working Memory Rating Scale's Utility to Identify Children's Memory Difficulties in Diverse Educational Environments: Can It Work in Every School?
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The aim of the present study was to explore the psychometric properties of the observer‐based Working Memory Rating Scale (WMRS) tool, in a sample of 6‐ to 12‐year‐old Greek primary school children. Results established a good internal consistency; appropriate factorial, criterion‐related and convergent validity; and diagnostic utility of the scale in the Greek population. However, the relationship between teacher's ratings and the objective assessment of children's working memory abilities was mediated by children's vocabulary knowledge, suggesting that verbal skills can constitute a form of bias in this particular educational environment. In conclusion, the WMRS can provide a reliable assessment of children's working memory capacity in Greek schools. Nevertheless, characteristics of the child such as verbal abilities could bias teacher's judgments. Therefore, the WMRS in Greek schools should be used as an initial screener, and objective working memory measures should be included in the assessment if warranted. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
125.
126.
Connie P.Y. Chiu James W. Griffith Bert Lenaert Filip Raes Dirk Hermans 《Memory (Hove, England)》2018,26(10):1323-1334
The CaRFAX model, proposed by Williams J. M. G. (2006. Capture and rumination, functional avoidance, and executive control (CaRFAX): Three processes that underlie overgeneral memory. Cognition and Emotion, 20, 548–568. doi:10.1080/02699930500450465; Williams, J. M. G., Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Herman, D., Raes, F., Watkins, E., &; Dalgleish, T. (2007). Autobiographical memory specificity and emotional disorder. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 122–148. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.122) posits that reduced autobiographical memory specificity, a key factor associated with the emergence and maintenance of emotional disorders, may result from heightened rumination. We provide the first meta-analysis of the relation between autobiographical memory specificity and trait rumination. PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and MEDLINE databases were searched and the following were extracted: the correlation between the number of specific memories recalled in the Autobiographical Memory Test and self-reported trait rumination scores, and its sub-factors – brooding and reflection. The pooled effect size for the correlation between memory specificity and trait rumination was small (d?=??.05) and did not differ significantly from zero (p?=?.09). The effect sizes for the correlation with brooding and reflection were not significantly different from zero. There is limited support for the association between trait rumination and memory specificity suggested in CaRFAX. 相似文献
127.
Spirituality and religion are important concerns for many people; consequently, counselors must possess the knowledge and skills required for assisting clients with these issues. This article offers a conceptual framework, based on E. H. Erikson's (1980) notion of identity formation, for understanding, assessing, and discussing spirituality and religion. Religion can play a significant role in the structure of identity and can be categorized into four statuses: Diffusion, Foreclosure, Moratorium, and Achievement. Religious identity status can provide direction and guidance for counselors who wish to integrate spirituality and religion into counseling. 相似文献
128.
Sanea Mihaljevi? Bjanka Vuksan-?usa Darko Mar?inko Elvira Koi? Zorana Ku?evi? Miro Jakovljevi? 《Journal of religion and health》2011,50(2):464-473
We present our preliminary results of work that aims to observe the relationship between the cortisol level, the level of
spiritual well-being, and suicidal tendencies in Croatian war veterans suffering from PTSD. The survey was conducted on 17
PTSD veterans who completed the Spiritual Well-Being Scale and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The plasma cortisol level was
obtained by venepuction at 8.00, 12.00, 13.00, 16.00, and 22.00 h. Results showed that veterans with higher spiritual well-being
scores had lower cortisol levels, and evening cortisol levels showed significant correlation with suicidal risk. The results
of the present study could be a stimulus for further investigation into spiritually based interventions, exploring their impact
both on mental status and physical health. 相似文献
129.
The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT), which is widely used to measure overgeneral autobiographical memory in individuals with depression and a trauma history. Its factor structure and internal consistency have not been explored in a clinical sample. This study examined the psychometric properties of the AMT in a sample of recent trauma survivors (N = 194), who completed the AMT 2 weeks after a trauma. Participants were also assessed with structured clinical interviews for current acute stress disorder and current and past major depressive disorder. Confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory were used to analyze the AMT in the whole sample. The factor structure of the AMT was also compared for (a) individuals with and without lifetime major depressive disorder and (b) individuals with current (posttrauma) major depressive disorder and/or acute stress disorder versus those with neither disorder. In all of these analyses, the AMT with cues of positive and negative valence had a 1-factor structure, which replicates work in nonclinical samples. Based on analyses of the whole sample, scores from the AMT had a reliability estimate of .72, and standard error of measurement was lowest for people who scored low on memory specificity. In conclusion, the AMT measures 1 factor of memory specificity in a clinical sample and can yield reliable scores for memory specificity. More psychometric studies of the AMT are needed to replicate these results with similar and other clinical populations. 相似文献
130.
Aaron M. Griffith 《Inquiry (Oslo, Norway)》2014,57(2):196-215
AbstractThis paper is concerned with the relation between two important metaphysical notions, ‘truthmaking’ and ‘grounding’. I begin by considering various ways in which truthmaking could be explicated in terms of grounding, noting both strengths and weaknesses of these analyses. I go on to articulate a problem for any attempt to analyze truthmaking in terms of a generic and primitive notion of grounding based on differences we find among examples of grounding. Finally, I outline a more complex view of how truthmaking and grounding could relate. On the view explored, truthmaking is a species of grounding differentiated from other species of grounding by the unique form of dependence it involves. 相似文献