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931.
The current study investigated the role of the central executive and the phonological loop in arithmetic strategies to solve simple addition problems (Experiment 1) and simple subtraction problems (Experiment 2). The choice/no-choice method was used to investigate strategy execution and strategy selection independently. The central executive was involved in both retrieval and procedural strategies, but played a larger role in the latter than in the former. Active phonological processes played a role in procedural strategies only. Passive phonological resources, finally, were only needed when counting was used to solve subtraction problems. No effects of working memory load on strategy selection were observed. 相似文献
932.
Prof. Dr. med. André Haynal 《Forum der Psychoanalyse》2013,29(4):445-457
This article is the third part of an originally unplanned trilogy caused by the internal logic of the research process on psychosomatic theories. On the background of Freud’s difficulties with the illness and disease theory the fragmentation of the field of psychosomatic medicine has been described and presented in the two previous parts as an attempt to explain its tortuous developmental course. In the first part of this current paper the author tries to understand both the ideas and sociopolitical forces that were involved in the historical development of psychosomatic medicine. The scope of the field as well as the models used oscillated greatly. Psychoanalysis has played an important role in this development even if the mainstream psychoanalysts showed relatively little interest. Psychosomatics also required therapeutic approaches that were foreign to the accustomed psychoanalytical setting. Occasionally the influence of various physiological models was strongly displayed (e.g. Selye’s stress model and the influence of the immune system). The deepening of the psychological understanding is nevertheless due to original marginal psychoanalytic thinkers, such as Ferenczi and Groddeck. Under the influence of Ferenczi the unconventional search was completed by Balint to some extent either through development of the psychotherapeutic technique or by the influence of listening to the doctors in their interaction with patients. 相似文献
933.
Chris von Borgstede Maria Andersson André Hansla 《Basic and applied social psychology》2013,35(6):461-477
Two experimental studies were carried out to investigate the influence of value-congruent information on information processing. We hypothesized that recipients would engage in systematic processing in value-congruent conditions, whereas heuristic processing would be used in value-incongruent conditions. One hundred participants in each experiment received a message that was framed in either environmental/altruistic or economical/egoistic terms, containing either strong or weak arguments. Results showed that value-congruent messages resulted in discrimination between strong and weak arguments, whereas for value-incongruent messages argument strength had either weak or no effects. Implications and future research are discussed. 相似文献
934.
André Mata Steven J. Sherman Mário B. Ferreira Cristina Mendonça 《Basic and applied social psychology》2013,35(3):165-173
This research shows that the same people who appear to have low numerical competence when analyzing personally irrelevant health-related numerical information are able to overcome their reasoning shortcomings and make better judgments when they are shown equivalent information that is personally relevant, and when only a sophisticated kind of reasoning enables them to interpret this information in a favorable way. The fact that people can engage in poorer or more sophisticated numerical reasoning depending on whether that reasoning produces favorable or unfavorable conclusions has implications both for the concept of numeracy as an individual-difference variable and for health communication. 相似文献
935.
The fear of being laughed at (gelotophobia), the joy of being laughed at (gelotophilia), and the joy of laughing at others (katagelasticism) were tested in a sample of 189 7‐ and 8‐year‐olds and their parents (185 mothers, 160 fathers). The dispositions were widely unrelated in the full sample. There was a positive relation between girls' and mothers' katagelasticism as well as between the 7‐year‐old boys' katagelasticism and their parents' gelotophilia. Furthermore, the 8‐year‐old boys' fear of being laughed at correlated robustly positively with their parents' gelotophobia and their gelotophilia with their parents' katagelasticism. Similarities/dissimilarities in the parental expression in the dispositions had no impact on the scores in the children. The findings are different from relations reported for parents and their adult children. The study provides ground for further studies on how families deal with ridicule and being laughed at. 相似文献
936.
André E. Haynal M.D. 《Psychoanalytic Dialogues》2013,23(4):406-408
Karen E. Starr and Lewis Aron's new study of primary sources shows that the idea of the importance of sexuality at Freud's times was broadly promoted by the neurological and medical (hydrotherapeutic, electro-therapeutic, etc.) establishment. This fact opens important new perspectives in the study of an underlying substructure to psychoanalytic thinking (especially the economic discharge model). Many details in this paper make us rethink the factual history of psychoanalytic theory in a new light. 相似文献
937.
This study examines the interplay of unemployment stress, trait anxiety and physical exercise in the development of physical health. Longitudinal data were taken from a sample of East German migrants (N = 330) who were confronted with the potentially stressful demand of finding a job in the Western society. Unemployment stress was found to exert a main effect on illness level. Trait anxiety was a moderator of the stress-illness relationship, but exercise was not. As indicated by a three-way interaction involving exercise, anxiety, and stress, exercise was most beneficial among high-anxious subjects who were not exposed to unemployment stress. Results of this study suggest that exercise may not buffer the deleterious effects of stressful situational conditions (unemployment), but may effectively mitigate the health-damaging consequences of lacking personal resources, such as high dispositional anxiety. 相似文献
938.
Christine E. Murray Paige Hall Smith Janeé R. Avent 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(4):424-449
The gap between research and practice in domestic violence (DV) has the potential to hinder advancements in both areas. This study used modified Delphi methodology to seek potential solutions for integrating DV research and practice. Expert panel members were representatives of DV coalitions who hold primary responsibility for determining the content of the training program and materials provided by coalitions to service providers. Through three rounds of questionnaires, potential solutions were identified in six areas: access to research, the practical application of research, DV coalitions' needs and usage of research, perceptions of research and researchers, researcher-practitioner collaborations, and the goals of DV. The findings of the study are integrated into recommendations for researchers and DV organizations. 相似文献
939.
André Marchand Dominic Beaulieu-Prévost Stéphane Guay Stéphane Bouchard Marc Simon Drouin Vanessa Germain 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(3):304-321
Until recently, only one study was published on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individual therapy via videoconference (Germain, Marchand, Bouchard, Drouin, & Guay, 2009); however, it only assessed the posttreatment effect. This study presents the follow-up of Germain et al.'s (2009) study. The main goal was to compare the effectiveness after six months of CBT for PTSD either face-to-face (n = 24) or by videoconference (n = 12). Each participant received CBT for 16 to 25 weeks and completed various questionnaires before and after treatment and at a six-month follow-up. The two treatments had equivalent levels of symptom reduction (Modified PTSD Symptom Scale: η2 < 0.01, p > .05) and proportion of patients with a clinically significant change in symptoms (42% for face-to-face vs. 38% for videoconferencing, p > .05). Thus, CBT for PTSD via videoconference seems to be a viable alternative when adequate face-to-face treatments are less available. 相似文献
940.
Avanté J. Smack Shauna C. Kushner Jennifer L. Tackett 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(7):845-862
Although negative parenting strategies are a risk factor for relational and physical aggression, research has not previously investigated whether child personality traits moderate the association between negative parenting and relational and physical aggression. This was the aim of this study. Participants were mothers of 368 children (172 males, Mage = 11.61, SD = 0.82). Mothers reported on their parenting practices, child personality traits, and child aggression. Results indicated that 2 child personality traits (extraversion and openness) moderated the relationship between inconsistent discipline and relational aggression. Additionally, agreeableness moderated the relationship between poor monitoring and supervision and physical aggression. Specifically, children low on these personality traits showed the highest levels of aggression in the context of negative parenting. These results highlight the importance of examining child personality as a moderator of parental influences on psychopathology development, and emphasize important distinctions between parenting strategies and physical versus relational aggression outcomes. 相似文献