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171.
The authors report the results of a nationwide survey of young people in Germany which applied the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985, 1991) to condom use for purposes of birth control and with new sexual partners (to prevent AIDS). A hierarchical model, in which the 2 functions of condom use were treated as separate 2nd-order factors, was found to be superior to a single-factor model. The hierarchical model also provided evidence for the convergent and discriminant validities of indicators used to assess the constructs in the theory of planned behavior. Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceptions of behavioral control all made significant contributions to the predictions of intentions, accounting for 62.0% and 70.9% of the variance for birth control and AIDS prevention, respectively. Perceived behavioral control carried most of the weight in the former prediction, while attitudes carried most of the weight in the latter. Implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
172.
173.
C J Benton A C Hernandez A Schmidt M D Schmitz A J Stone B Weiner 《Journal of personality and social psychology》1983,45(5):1167-1178
This investigation attempted to replicate and to clarify methodologically an investigation by Pollak and Gilligan (1982). Those investigators reported sex differences in violence imagery to Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) pictures depicting affiliation and achievement situations. Pollak and Gilligan concluded that men perceive danger in situations of affiliation whereas women perceive danger in situations of achievement. It was demonstrated in the present study that Pollak and Gilligan incorrectly classified TAT cards into motivational categories, which may have resulted in incorrect inferences. In addition, their findings could not be replicated when using four different systems for classifying TAT cards into motivational categories. Other potential sources of error in their research, including a restrictive scoring scheme for hostility, unusual instructions, and failure to control for sex role in the TAT pictures, did not influence the pattern of results. 相似文献
174.
Hal Markowitz Michael Schmidt Leonie Nadal Leslie Squier 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1975,8(3):333-335
Three adult female elephants (Elephas maximus) were tested on a light-dark discrimination problem with an 8-yr intertrial interval. The first subject took only 6 min to reach criterion and made only two errors, suggesting remarkable retention. The other two subjects were found to have visual anomalies that would have gone undetected without this research. 相似文献
175.
In more than 200 cases of multiple sclerosis, psychosis and cyclothymia, the Hp types are studied with the help of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Schreyer and Schaible, 1967) and the Gc types wtih agar gel electrophoresis (Schlesinger, Vogt and Prokop, 1963). All Hp and Gc types were found in these diseases, but there was no frequent occurence of any particular type in multiple acleroses of psychoses. According to our results, there is no interdependence between these diseases and the Hp and Gc types. 相似文献
176.
Justine R. Schmidt Paul T. Brown Alison M. Waycott 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》1988,16(2):113-128
Two bodies of literature on life skills and on family therapy have developed from different sources but have interesting similarities. Life skills comes from training and educational thinking, and concentrates upon the skills of and strategies for coping. Family therapy focuses upon the disturbance of an individual as symbolic of the dynamics of the family, but has at its roots a more-or-less explicit model of what constitutes an effective family, where the interactions can be readily understood in life-skill terms. The two approaches are compared and contrasted. 相似文献
177.
Previously, an inverted U relationship between force and force variability was demonstrated in both static and dynamic responses. Recent research suggests that the inverted U function may be due to a lack of control of the temporal aspects of the response. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined the relationship between force and force variability in rapid movements under controlled temporal conditions. Subjects (N = 4) made rapid reversal responses with a horizontal lever (using elbow flexion and extension) such that the time to reversal (160 ms) and the distance to reversal (45 degrees ) were held constant in each of six load conditions (either 0,.260,.780, 1.040, or 1.560 kg added to the lever). When time to reversal and time to peak acceleration were held constant, a curvilinear relationship between force and force variability resulted, suggesting that the inverted U function is related to control of the temporal aspects of the response. 相似文献
178.
Reexamination of relations between the Myers-Briggs type indicator and field dependence-independence
The Group Embedded Figures Test and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator were administered to 210 undergraduate and graduate students. Bivariate relations between the embedded figures test and the Indicator scales of Extraversion-Introversion (EI), Thinking-Feeling (TF), and Judgment-Perception (JP) were nonsignificant while the relation between scores on embedded figures and Sensing-Intuition (SN) was statistically significant. ESFP, ISFJ, and ESFJ types were significantly more field-dependent than the INFP and ENTP types. 相似文献
179.
R M Schmidt G Kuppe R Ludewig V Neumann 《Psychiatrie, Neurologie, und medizinische Psychologie》1987,39(9):513-523
The available defensive mechanisms are generally sufficient to protect the central nervous system (CNS) against the penetration of infectious particles. The blood-brain-barrier plays a decisive role in this process. The present paper represents the most important circumstances realizing that: 1. The macrophage-lymphocyte-system, 2. the "oligoclonal-CSF-IgG-reaction", and 3. the influence of psychological and physiological burdens on clinical-chemical or immunological parameters. It seems to be important to overcome the instability of the immunosystem and to reestablish the base-line. 相似文献
180.
Elsa Jones 《Journal of Family Therapy》1987,9(1):3-25
In this paper I discuss work with the families of patients diagnosed as schizophrenic. The focus is on two particular aspects of such work: special features of therapy with these families and the important preparatory contextual work that needs to be done with colleagues in the professional network. 相似文献