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21.
Elmar Unnsteinsson 《Australasian journal of philosophy》2018,96(3):610-615
Buchanan [2014] argues for a Gricean solution to well-known counterexamples to direct reference theories of content. Peet [2016] develops a way to change the counterexample so that it seems to speak against Buchanan's own proposal. I argue that both theorists fail to notice a significant distinction between the kinds of cases at issue. Those appearing to count against direct reference theory must be described such that speakers have false beliefs about the identity of the object to which they intend to refer, beliefs that appear relevant to the determination of what constitutes communicative success. This suggests, further, that cases of this sort do not provide a basis for robust generalizations about singular reference. 相似文献
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Nearly one fifth of the German population are migrants of the first and second generation. Evidence-based knowledge about mental health of migrants, their health care needs and the actual mental health care situation of this population is limited. Psychometric instruments are helpful for the assessment of mental disorders. Although a culture-sensitive approach in diagnostics is necessary it is often neglected in research as well as in clinical practice. This article describes culture-specific and linguistic challenges and specifies specific communication problems. In most cases psychometric instruments are not developed simultaneously in different languages but are translated later on. After translation psychometric instruments should be culturally validated and adapted with respect to linguistic, cultural and metric equivalence. The article gives an overview about the different aspects of equivalence and explains these aspects on the example of the PHQ-9. 相似文献
24.
In diesem Beitrag werden zun?chst die Motivation, das Konzept und die Datenquellen der 2006 eingeführten Vorarlberger Psychiatrieberichterstattung
dargestellt. Dann erfolgt, mit Hilfe definierter Kennzahlen, anhand der Ergebnisse für das Berichtsjahr 2008 ein überblick
über die in die Berichterstattung einbezogenen Hilfsangebote und ihre Nutzer. Die Kennzahlen beschreiben den Umfang der Hilfen,
das dafür eingesetzte Fachpersonal und die betreuten Patienten. Beispielhaft werden sodann M?glichkeiten der empirischen überprüfung
des Zielgruppenbezugs und der regionalen Bedarfsgerechtigkeit der Hilfen erl?utert. Der Beitrag schlie?t mit einigen Bemerkungen
zu den geplanten n?chsten Schritten auf dem Weg zu einer kontinuierlichen Qualit?tsentwicklung der regionalen psychiatrischen
Versorgung, die das gesamte Netzwerk der Hilfen einbezieht und dabei auch die Notwendigkeit und Wirksamkeit der therapeutischen
Ma?nahmen im Einzelfall in den Blick nimmt. 相似文献
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Dr. Astrid Sonntag Heide Glaesmer Sven Barnow Elmar Brähler Jörg M. Fegert Steffen Fliegel Harald J. Freyberger Lutz Goldbeck Steffi Kohl Judith Lebiger-Vogel Marianne Leuzinger-Bohleber Felicitas Michels-Lucht Nina Spröber Ulrike Willutzki Bernhard Strauß 《Psychotherapeut》2009,54(6):427-436
Background
A survey was performed to assess the current situation in education and to identify critical issues 10 years after the inception of the German law regulating the education of psychological psychotherapists and child and adolescent psychotherapists. The study reports the results of a nationwide survey of German psychological psychotherapists and child and adolescent psychotherapists currently in training. The aim of the survey was to evaluate the individual sections of training, desired alterations and structural and financial conditions.Methods
All trainees were contacted via the training institutes and the umbrella organizations. A total of 3,223 trainees participated and answered questions mainly using an online questionnaire.Results
Most respondents practiced their training part-time and in most cases the trainees thought that the training would last longer than initially expected. The practical training was rated most poorly, whereas practical education and individual supervision were rated as most useful. The survey revealed deficits concerning the evaluation of the quality of several components of the training.Conclusions
From the perspective of the trainees there is a necessity to modify the financial conditions of the training. This result has been considered in the recommendations of a research expertise on psychotherapy training and should stimulate further research. 相似文献27.
Medical research aims to achieve a better scientific understanding of health and disease. It is firstly undertaken for the
improvement of medical care in general, not excluding a potential direct benefit for participants undergoing such research.
There is a traditional conflict between the fundamental rights and the dignity of those participating individuals and the
interests of science, researchers and even the society. The Convention of Human Rights and Biomedicine of the Council of Europe
is a new legally binding instrument for the solution of these conflicts.
on behalf of the Comité Directeur pour la Bioéthique (CDBI)/Council of Europe
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an International Conference on “Conflict of Interest and its Significance
in Science and Medicine” held in Warsaw, Poland on 5–6 April, 2002. Professor Doppelfeld spoke on behalf of CDBI/Council of
Europe. 相似文献
28.
Mayer Claude-Hélène George Wolfgang M. Nass Elmar 《Journal of religion and health》2020,59(1):416-427
Journal of Religion and Health - This article aims to build awareness of the growing global crisis in social, economic and environmental terms from different disciplinary approaches. The authors... 相似文献
29.
Prof. Dr. Cornelia Albani Gerd Blaser Michael Geyer Gabriele Schmutzer Elmar Brähler 《Psychotherapeut》2010,55(6):503-514
This study analyzed the provision of outpatient psychotherapy services in Germany in typical practice settings. In a representative survey (from June 2008 to September 2009) 1,212 subjects who received outpatient psychotherapy during the past 6 years were questioned about their experiences with outpatient psychotherapy via telephone interviews. Socio-economic data, reasons for seeking treatment, access paths, financial resources and psychosocial support data were collected. Therapeutic settings and modalities and concomitant medication treatment are described. The findings illustrate the problem of multiple psychiatric morbidity in the clinical practice and confirm the urgent need for patient access to professional psychotherapeutic services. Improving access to these services requires close cooperation between care providers. 相似文献
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The inference process in a probabilistic and conditional environmentunder minimum relative entropy, permits the acquisition of basicknowledge, the consideration of - even uncertain - ad hoc knowledge,and the response to queries. Even if these procedures are wellknown in the relevant literature their realisation for large-scaleapplications needs a sophisticated tool, allowing the communicationwith the user as well as all relevant logical transformationsand numerical calculations. SPIRIT is an Expert-System-Shellfor these purposes. Even for hundreds of consistent facts about the involved variables dependenciesthe shell automatically generates the corresponding epistemicstate, thus permitting the derivation of conclusions from theacquired knowledge. These conclusions reliability orprecision can be checked, inviting the user to enrich the knowledgeby further facts, if desired. Any inconsistencies among providedfacts are detected, and their elimination will be supportedby the shell. Knowledge acquisition can come from provided factsby a knowledge engineer as well as from real world data; inductivelearning supports the use of such data. An important capabilityof the shell is the calculation of impacts upon ideas or conceptsfrom a given stimulus. This paper is a brief survey of theoreticalconcepts and the corresponding features of the system, whichare accompanied by illustrative examples. 相似文献