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151.
We used general-case training, instructions, rehearsal, and feedback to teach 3 advanced flute students to improve their sight-reading skills. Training resulted in systematic decreases in note errors, rhythm errors, repetitions, and hesitations for each participant. The procedures and outcomes were socially validated through subjective evaluation by the participants and music teachers not involved with the study. 相似文献
152.
“The Cancer Bond”: Exploring the Formation of Cancer Risk Perception in Families with Lynch Syndrome
Aunchalee E. L. Palmquist Laura M. Koehly Susan K. Peterson Margarette Shegog Sally W. Vernon Ellen R. Gritz 《Journal of genetic counseling》2010,19(5):473-486
This study explores the social context of hereditary cancer risk perception in three families, an African-American family,
a Mexican-American family, and a Caucasian family, each with Lynch Syndrome documented by a mismatch repair gene mutation.
Communication network assessments measured family communication about cancer experiences and genetic testing information among
a total of 26 participants. Participant narratives were evaluated to gain insight into how family cancer experiences and genetic
testing information have shaped perceptions of cancer risk. Analysis of communication networks indicated that some families
discussed cancer experiences to a greater extent than genetic testing information, and vice-versa. Interviews elucidated that
sharing both types of health information led participants to conceptualize linkages among a strong family history of cancer,
genetic testing information, and cancer prevention strategies. Understanding how different types of family communication influence
the formation of perceived hereditary disease risk may enhance efforts to tailor genetic counseling services for families. 相似文献
153.
Patients with conduction aphasia have been characterized as having a short-term memory deficit that leads to relative difficulty on span and repetition tasks. It has also been observed that these same patients often get the gist of what is said to them, even if they are unable to repeat the information verbatim. To study this phenomenon experimentally, patients with conduction aphasia and left hemisphere-injured controls were tested on a repetition recognition task that required them to listen to a sentence and immediately point to one of three sentences that matched it. On some trials, the distractor sentences contained substituted words that were semantically-related to the target, and on other trials, the distractor sentences contained semantically-distinct words. Patients with conduction aphasia and controls performed well on the latter condition, when distractors were semantically-distinct. However, when the distractor sentences were semantically-related, the patients with conduction aphasia were impaired at identifying the target sentence, suggesting that these patients could not rely on the verbatim trace. To further understand these results, we also tested elderly controls on the same task, except that a delay was introduced between study and test. Like the patients with conduction aphasia, the elderly controls were worse at identifying target sentences when there were semantically-related distractors. Taken together, these results suggest that patients with conduction aphasia rely on non-phonologic cues, such as lexical-semantics, to support their short-term memory, just as normal participants must do in long-term memory tasks when the phonological trace is no longer present. 相似文献
154.
The decision whether to undergo genetic counseling for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer is complex. Knowledge about the psychosocial conditions of women who are awaiting counseling is sparse. We aimed to compare the psychosocial conditions of women awaiting genetic counseling with those of women in two reference groups. We included 567 women referred to genetic counseling for hereditary risk of breast or ovarian cancer (Genetic Group), 689 women referred to mammography (Mammography Group) and a random sample of 2,000 women from the general population (Population Group). One to 4 weeks before the first counseling session or mammography, data were collected by questionnaires. Both women affected with cancer and unaffected women in the Genetic Group appeared to have a somewhat higher prevalence of cancer-specific-distress than the corresponding reference groups. Further research on the effect of pre- counseling interventions appear warranted in addition with exploring a potential association between waiting time and cancer-specific distress. 相似文献
155.
156.
We assessed whether mindfulness (active categorization) can prevent automatic stereotype-activated behaviors related to the
elderly. Eighty participants (mean age = 24.4) were given a set of photographs to prime the dimension Old
Age and were asked to categorize them multiple times, to see whether the effect of the prime could be reduced through increased
mindfulness. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions, where they were asked to categorize the photographs
across (1) four self-generated categories; (2) four assigned categories; (3) a single category—Gender; or (4) a single category—Age.
Participants’ walking speed (cf. Bargh et al. 1996, Experiment 2) was then measured, as they moved between the two experimental stations. The results show that greater mindfulness
predicted greater walking speed, indicating a decrease in the effect of the automatic stereotype-activated behavior.
相似文献
Ellen J. LangerEmail: |
157.
Melanie K. Bean Karen Stewart Mary Ellen Olbrisch 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(3):214-224
The number of individuals classified as overweight and obese is increasing at alarming rates and these conditions are associated
with numerous psychological and physiological health problems. Within this epidemic, there is an increasing need and demand
for psychologists and other mental health professionals to participate in the care of patients with obesity, both in assessment
and treatment domains. The current paper provides a review of the status of the obesity epidemic, including psychological
comorbidities and treatment approaches. Throughout this review, we highlight and discuss the important roles and impact psychologists
can have. These roles include serving as members of multidisciplinary obesity treatment programs, conducting assessments for
bariatric surgery, and treating related psychiatric disorders, such as depression and disordered eating. Other considerations,
such as weight gain associated with psychiatric medications, and directions for future involvement of psychologists in addressing
the obesity epidemic are also discussed. 相似文献
158.
159.
Edward H. Fischer Ellen A. Dornelas Carolyn S. Malchodi Cheryl A. Oncken 《Journal of applied social psychology》2006,36(12):2825-2833
Two independent samples of pregnant smokers were interviewed about their cigarette smoking and were tested with biochemical markers at the beginning and end of their pregnancies. Participants were mainly unmarried, racial minorities (chiefly Hispanic), and residents of the inner city. Phi coefficients between self‐reported and chemical indicators ranged from .42 to .74. Contrary to expectations, the self‐report/biochemical‐measure correlations were higher at the end than at the beginning of the pregnancy term. The higher end‐of‐term correspondence between self‐report and chemical indicators likely reflected better reliability of the measures, when taken at term. The results are in accord with earlier research with other populations, indicating adequate validity for self‐reported smoking. 相似文献
160.