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161.
We assessed whether mindfulness (active categorization) can prevent automatic stereotype-activated behaviors related to the
elderly. Eighty participants (mean age = 24.4) were given a set of photographs to prime the dimension Old
Age and were asked to categorize them multiple times, to see whether the effect of the prime could be reduced through increased
mindfulness. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions, where they were asked to categorize the photographs
across (1) four self-generated categories; (2) four assigned categories; (3) a single category—Gender; or (4) a single category—Age.
Participants’ walking speed (cf. Bargh et al. 1996, Experiment 2) was then measured, as they moved between the two experimental stations. The results show that greater mindfulness
predicted greater walking speed, indicating a decrease in the effect of the automatic stereotype-activated behavior.
相似文献
Ellen J. LangerEmail: |
162.
Melanie K. Bean Karen Stewart Mary Ellen Olbrisch 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(3):214-224
The number of individuals classified as overweight and obese is increasing at alarming rates and these conditions are associated
with numerous psychological and physiological health problems. Within this epidemic, there is an increasing need and demand
for psychologists and other mental health professionals to participate in the care of patients with obesity, both in assessment
and treatment domains. The current paper provides a review of the status of the obesity epidemic, including psychological
comorbidities and treatment approaches. Throughout this review, we highlight and discuss the important roles and impact psychologists
can have. These roles include serving as members of multidisciplinary obesity treatment programs, conducting assessments for
bariatric surgery, and treating related psychiatric disorders, such as depression and disordered eating. Other considerations,
such as weight gain associated with psychiatric medications, and directions for future involvement of psychologists in addressing
the obesity epidemic are also discussed. 相似文献
163.
164.
The role of self-efficacy in performing emotion work 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ellen Heuven Arnold B. Bakker Wilmar B. Schaufeli Noortje Huisman 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2006,69(2):222-235
This study used a sample of 154 cabin attendants to examine the role of self-efficacy in the performance of emotion work. On the basis of the literature, we hypothesized that self-efficacy would have a moderating influence on the relationship between emotional job demands (i.e., feeling rules and emotionally charged interactions with passengers) and emotional dissonance, and on the relationship between emotional dissonance and well-being (emotional exhaustion and work engagement). In addition, we predicted that emotional dissonance mediates the relationship between emotional job demands and well-being. The results of a series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses generally supported these hypotheses. Results confirmed that emotionally charged interactions with passengers are related to emotional exhaustion and engagement through their influence on emotional dissonance. Furthermore, self-efficacy buffers the relationship between emotional job demands and emotional dissonance, and the relationship between emotional dissonance and work engagement (but not exhaustion). 相似文献
165.
Edward H. Fischer Ellen A. Dornelas Carolyn S. Malchodi Cheryl A. Oncken 《Journal of applied social psychology》2006,36(12):2825-2833
Two independent samples of pregnant smokers were interviewed about their cigarette smoking and were tested with biochemical markers at the beginning and end of their pregnancies. Participants were mainly unmarried, racial minorities (chiefly Hispanic), and residents of the inner city. Phi coefficients between self‐reported and chemical indicators ranged from .42 to .74. Contrary to expectations, the self‐report/biochemical‐measure correlations were higher at the end than at the beginning of the pregnancy term. The higher end‐of‐term correspondence between self‐report and chemical indicators likely reflected better reliability of the measures, when taken at term. The results are in accord with earlier research with other populations, indicating adequate validity for self‐reported smoking. 相似文献
166.
167.
Carlos Alberto Sanchez 《Human Studies》2007,30(4):377-393
In a journal entry from 1906, Husserl complains of lacking “internal stability” and of his desire to “achieve” it. My claim in this paper is that the “phenomenological method,” which he made public in his 1907 lectures Die Idee der Phänomenologie was, and is, a means to achieve the inner harmony that Husserl longed for. I do not provide an analysis of why Husserl might have felt the way he did; my aim is to show what internal stability might be and how one might achieve it. I conclude that the phenomenological method is the means, the “how,” to internal stability, which I characterize as “clarity” and “harmony” regarding our beliefs and, and ultimately, our authentic comportment. 相似文献
168.
Pieters GL de Bruijn ER Maas Y Hulstijn W Vandereycken W Peuskens J Sabbe BG 《Brain and cognition》2007,63(1):42-50
To study action monitoring in anorexia nervosa, behavioral and EEG measures were obtained in underweight anorexia nervosa patients (n=17) and matched healthy controls (n=19) while performing a speeded choice-reaction task. Our main measures of interest were questionnaire outcomes, reaction times, error rates, and the error-related negativity ERP component. Questionnaire and behavioral results indicated increased perfectionism in patients with anorexia nervosa. In line with their perfectionism and controlled response style patients made significantly less errors than controls. However, when controlling for this difference in error rates, the EEG results demonstrated a reduced error-related negativity in the patient group. These seemingly contradictory outcomes of improved performance and reduced error monitoring are discussed in relation with indications of anterior cingulate cortex hypoactivity in anorexia nervosa patients. 相似文献
169.
Ellen W. Leen-Feldner Michael J. Zvolensky Joelle van Lent Anka A. Vujanovic Tina Bleau Amit Bernstein Amy Bielawski-Branch Matthew T. Feldner 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(2):69-79
The present study evaluated associations among smoking and anxiety sensitivity (fear of anxiety and anxiety related sensations)
in predicting panic attack symptomatology, somatic complaints, and depressive symptomatology in a community sample of adolescents
(ages 12 to 17 years; N=206). As predicted, the combination of high levels of anxiety sensitivity and being a current smoker predicted panic symptomatology
and somatic complaints, but not depressive symptomatology. These findings suggest anxiety sensitivity may moderate the relation
between smoking and prototypical panic psychopathology variables (panic attacks and somatic complaints) even after controlling
for gender and negative affectivity, and that these associations are specific to panic-relevant processes. The primary implication
of the study findings is that there may be segments of the adolescent population who are at relatively greater risk for panic-related
problems by virtue of individual differences in AS and smoking status.
相似文献
Ellen W. Leen-FeldnerEmail: |
170.
The effects of context reinstatement as means of enhancing 5‐ and 6‐year‐old children's event memory in repeated interviews after a 6‐month delay were examined. Children were interviewed immediately after the event (baseline interview) and twice at a 6‐month delay, with 24 hours between interviews. The first 6‐month interview was conducted in a perfect‐context reinstatement (n = 15), imperfect‐context reinstatement (n = 16), or no‐context reinstatement (n = 15) condition. The second 6‐month interview was conducted 24 hours later with no‐context reinstatement for all children. Context reinstatement attenuated the effects of delay on recall. The accuracy of the details reported was greater in the perfect‐context compared to the imperfect‐context and no‐context conditions. Details repeated between the immediate‐baseline interview and in the first 6‐month interview were more accurate than details repeated between the first and second 6‐month interview. There was no increase in recall (hypermnesia) across the first and second 6‐month interviews in any condition. Practical implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献