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The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether searching for a word that has a particular attribute (a fruit that is yellow) involves a different process than searching for a word whose name has a particular form (a fruit whose name begins with "p"). Ss saw category nouns paired with adjectives or letter restrictors presented on a series of blocked trials and a series of mixed trials. The Ss had to produce a word that fell in the space defined by the noun and the restricting adjective or letter. RT was fastest when trials were blocked and when a letter followed the presentation of the noun. This finding suggested the existence of two retrieval plans that can be executed when S has knowledge of the forthcoming type of item. 相似文献
754.
Carol Ackroyd N. K. Humphrey Elizabeth K. Warrington 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1974,26(1):114-124
A young woman, blinded by the development of corneal opacity at the age of 3 years, was given a corneal graft at the age of 27. Though the image-forming powers of the eye were largely restored, the patient showed little recovery of functional vision. Six months after operation she could detect and locate conspicuous objects and had some degree of ambient spatial vision but she could not learn to recognize simple visual patterns. Eventually she reverted to the life of a blind person. Her failure to recover is discussed in terms of the known deleterious effects of restricted early visual experience on the development of the visual cortex in animals. 相似文献
755.
Elizabeth K. Warrington P. Rabin 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1971,23(4):423-431
The visual span of apprehension for random letter and digit sequences, approximations to English sequences and non-symbolic line stimuli was measured in patients with unilateral cerebral lesions. The left hemisphere group was significantly impaired relative to the right hemisphere group and a control group on all three types of visual span task. The deficit was most marked in patients with left posterior lesions. The visual span deficits were not related to other language deficits. The findings are discussed in terms of a modality-specific defect of visual short-term memory. 相似文献
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Ethnic Variations of Trajectories in Suicide Ideation and Attempt: From Middle School to High School
Jahun Kim Kenneth Pike Elizabeth McCauley Ann Vander Stoep 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2019,49(2):432-443
The purpose of this study was to compare patterns of suicide ideation and suicide attempt in three ethnic groups. We analyzed data from 463 students with ethnic backgrounds of African American (AA), Asian American (ASA), and European American (EA) for 6 years. The best fit model was a three‐trajectory class model for all groups. The majority of adolescents belonged in the nonideators trajectory. The high level of ideation was found in the high ideators (4%), high‐fluctuating ideators (8%), and high‐decreasing ideators (4%) trajectory in AA, ASA, and EA, respectively. In the AA group, being a member of ideators was not a significant predictor of suicide attempt. In the ASA group, being a member of high‐fluctuating ideators was a significant predictor. In the EA group, being a member of both ideators predicted suicide attempt. The timing of onset, patterns of change, and peak time in the ideators trajectories in the three ethnic groups were markedly different. The high level of attempts found in the ASA–AA group was not explained by having suicide ideation. Findings suggest the need for in‐depth examination of suicide behaviors across ethnic groups and culturally adapted preventive efforts with distinct developmental timing for adolescents from different ethnic backgrounds. 相似文献
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Lois V. Sturges Ann C. Logan Elizabeth Semenchuk Virginia L. Goetsch 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1996,18(2):173-181
Thirty-eight adults were assigned to three groups: posttreatment hyperthyroid (n=13), low euthyroid (n=12), and high euthyroid (n=13). Physiological and subjective responses to three anxiety-induction procedures—public speaking, personally distressing imagery, and threat of shock—were compared across groups. Although there were differences across stressors for physiological and subjective measures, group differences were not detected. Results are discussed with regard to the risk for residual anxiety following treatment for hyperthyroidism and the possible influence of thyroid function on the etiology or maintenance of anxiety. 相似文献
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Waldinger RJ Kensinger EA Schulz MS 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2011,11(3):426-436
This study examines whether differences in late-life well-being are linked to how older adults encode emotionally valenced
information. Using fMRI with 39 older adults varying in life satisfaction, we examined how viewing positive and negative images
would affect activation and connectivity of an emotion-processing network. Participants engaged most regions within this network
more robustly for positive than for negative images, but within the PFC this effect was moderated by life satisfaction, with
individuals higher in satisfaction showing lower levels of activity during the processing of positive images. Participants
high in satisfaction showed stronger correlations among network regions—particularly between the amygdala and other emotion
processing regions—when viewing positive, as compared with negative, images. Participants low in satisfaction showed no valence
effect. Findings suggest that late-life satisfaction is linked with how emotion-processing regions are engaged and connected
during processing of valenced information. This first demonstration of a link between neural recruitment and late-life well-being
suggests that differences in neural network activation and connectivity may account for the preferential encoding of positive
information seen in some older adults. 相似文献
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