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951.
We investigated processing of metaphoric sentences using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Seventeen healthy subjects (6 female, 11 male) read 60 novel short German sentence pairs with either metaphoric or literal meaning and performed two different tasks: judging the metaphoric content and judging whether the sentence has a positive or negative connotation. Laterality indices for 8 regions of interest were calculated: Inferior frontal gyrus (opercular part and triangular part), superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyrus, precuneus, temporal pole, and hippocampus. A left lateralised network was activated with no significant differences in laterality between the two tasks. The lowest degree of laterality was found in the temporal pole. Other factors than metaphoricity per se might trigger right hemisphere recruitment. Results are discussed in the context of lesion and hemifield studies. 相似文献
952.
Infants younger than 20 months of age interpret both words and symbolic gestures as object names. Later in development words and gestures take on divergent communicative functions. Here, we examined patterns of brain activity to words and gestures in typically developing infants at 18 and 26 months of age. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during a match/mismatch task. At 18 months, an N400 mismatch effect was observed for pictures preceded by both words and gestures. At 26 months the N400 effect was limited to words. The results provide the first neurobiological evidence showing developmental changes in semantic processing of gestures. 相似文献
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954.
Postevent misleading information can distort people's memories by altering and adding scenes. But can you also inhibit the retrieval of information from memory? In two studies we show that postevent information can make memory for a scene less accessible. In both studies participants first saw an event (e.g. a restaurant scene displayed in slides, or a drunk‐driving incident shown via a video clip). Later they were shown the same event without a critical scene and were told either to use this to generate a story (Experiment 1) or to imagine the event (Experiment 2). Finally they were tested. Relative to controls, this postevent omission led to fewer people reporting the critical scene in free recall and in recognition. Thus, we demonstrated that it may be possible to inhibit memories. This finding has important implications for eyewitness testimony and the recovered memory debate. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
955.
Mark Hartswood Ph.D. Alexander Voß M.Sc. Ph.D. student Rob Procter Mark Rouncefield Roger Slack Robin Williams 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2001,14(3):90-108
We report on our experiences in a participatory design project to develop ICTs in a hospital ward working with deliberate
self-harm patients. This project involves the creation and constant re-creation of socio-technical ensembles that satisfy
the various, changing and often contradictory and conflicting needs in this context. Such systems are shaped in locally meaningful
ways but nevertheless reach beyond their immediate context to gain wider importance and to be integrated with the larger environment.
currently working on a participatory design project developing IT systems for psychiatrists working in a toxicology ward of
a large general hospital.
His research focuses on the local co-production of technologies which he currently explores in a production management context.
His research interests lie in the field of human factors and interactive systems design, particularly approaches to IT systems
design and development, the relationships between work and technology, and inter-disciplinary approaches to the design of
dependable computing systems.
carrying out a number of ethnomethodologically informed studies in a variety of applications.
He holds a Ph.D. in ethnomethodology from the University of Manchester and is currently involved in research on computer-aided
prompting systems for radiological work. He has interests in ethnomethodology, CSCW, SSK and the philosophy of social sciences.
where he convenes an interdisciplinary research programme on ‘the social shaping of technology’. 相似文献
956.
Amy Fuller Stockman Elizabeth M. Altmaier 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2001,8(3):161-166
We studied the relationship of self-efficacy to reported labor pain and pain medication usage among 43 women. Self-efficacy ratings were judgments of confidence regarding successful completion of tasks involved in labor and delivery (e.g., doing breathing exercises) and in overcoming barriers (e.g., nonsupportive partner). Multiple regression analyses revealed that self-efficacy significantly contributed to predicting labor pain beyond other relevant variables (e.g., age, amount of menstrual pain), with barrier self-efficacy the strongest predictor. Results are discussed in the context of increasing women's confidence in overcoming barriers by incorporating relevant interventions in childbirth education. 相似文献
957.
Hanan A. Alexander 《Journal of Beliefs & Values》2001,22(1):5-17
In western religion we are accustomed to conceiving God in political terms as King, Ruler, or Lawgiver. This often results in a coercive conception of religion and education in which people are forced to do and believe that to which they would otherwise object. This essay explores images of God found in rabbinic readings of the Hebrew Bible as teacher and parent. These images form the basis of a non-coercive view of religion and education rooted in cultivation, nurture, and persuasion rather than force. According to this account, the authority of religious and educational leaders should be grounded in moral purpose rather than the exercise of power. 相似文献
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959.
Alexander Agadjanian 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2001,40(3):351-366
This close analysis of the printed media discourse in post-Communist Russia shows various ways of using religious cultural capital in reifying the Russian national identity. This blossoming public religion, contrasted with the generally low level of religiosity as reported by the surveys, became a new phenomenon comparable to similar patterns on an international scale. In the Russian case, the major themes of this public discourse are "spiritual entropy,""symphony" of state-church relations, religious diversity (pluralism), and the search for a religiously legitimized "national idea." 相似文献
960.