Xenia Schmalz  Elisabeth Beyersmann  Eddy Cavalli  Eva Marinus 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2016,28(6):658-672

The Orthographic Depth Hypothesis [Katz, L., & Frost, R. (1992). The reading process is different for different orthographies: The orthographic depth hypothesis. In R. Frost & L. Katz (Eds.), Orthography, phonology, morphology, and meaning (pp. 67–84). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science] proposes cross-linguistic differences in the involvement of lexical processing during reading. In orthographies with complex, inconsistent, and/or incomplete sublexical correspondences, decoding is more difficult and therefore slower. This gives more time to the lexical route to retrieve information, and leads to a greater ratio of lexical processing. We test whether this mechanism applies both for words with inconsistent (in English) and for words with complex (in French) correspondences. As complex correspondences are sufficient to derive a correct pronunciation, an increase in lexical processing may not occur. In a reading-aloud task, we used the frequency effect to measure lexical processing. The data showed stronger involvement of lexical processing for inconsistent compared to consistent words, and for complex compared to simple words. The results confirm that Katz and Frost’s proposed mechanism applies to different sources of orthographic depth.  相似文献   

    

Wendy Elaine Viola  Eric S. Mankowski  Mary Elisabeth Gray 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2015,25(2):95-109

Many youth who are incarcerated within juvenile correctional facilities experience mental health disorders, histories of victimization and suicide ideation. Strengths‐based intervention programmes are intended to enhance participants' resilience against such challenges. However, little is known about how the composition of intervention groups contributes to programmes' efficacy. This study addresses the impact of within‐group similarity on the success of a strengths‐based intervention for incarcerated young men (n = 141). Similarity was assessed in terms of self‐reported demographics and behaviours and belief systems. Youths' masculine ideology, caring and cooperative behaviours, ethnic pride and respect for differences, self‐efficacy regarding education and non‐violence, and attitudes about criminal behaviour were measured before and after intervention. Results indicate that participants' caring and cooperative behaviour increased during the intervention. However, their education‐related self‐efficacy was reduced, and the perceived benefits of criminal activity increased. These changes were moderated by group composition: less similarity between participants and their group members was associated with less negative change. In the context of juvenile corrections facilities, where staying the same may be a relatively positive outcome, perhaps the more relevant question is not which processes and characteristics of others better enable youth to change but which experiences help them retain positive aspects of themselves. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Derrick G. Watson  Elisabeth Blagrove  Sally Selwood 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(7):1149-1164

Previous work has proposed that simple geometric shapes, carrying the features present within negative or threatening faces are especially effective at capturing or guiding attention. Here we test this account and provide converging evidence for a threat-based attentional advantage. Experiment 1 found that downward-pointing triangles continue to be detected more efficiently than upward-pointing triangles when: (i) both overall RT and search slope measures are obtained; and (ii) when the set size is varied and the stimuli are presented in random configurations. Experiment 2 tested and ruled out an alternative account of the selection advantage, based on differences between triangle shape consistencies with scene perspective cues. Overall, the data provide converging evidence that simple geometric shapes, which might be particularly important in providing emotional signals in faces, can also attract attention preferentially even when presented outside of a face context.  相似文献   

    

Sondra Cuban  Elisabeth Hayes 《New Directions for Adult & Continuing Education》1996,1996(70):5-16

What do women participants in family literacy programs want and need? Little attention has been given to these women's dream of an education for themselves as well as their children.  相似文献   

    

Elisabeth Hayes  Scipio A. J. Colin III 《New Directions for Adult & Continuing Education》1994,1994(61):5-16

What is the nature of racism and sexism in society today?  相似文献   

    

Graham Harvey  Elisabeth Arweck 《Journal of Contemporary Religion》1998,13(3):439-443

First Nations Faith and Ecology. Freda Rajotte, 1998 London: Cassell x +117 pp., £8.99 (pb) ISBN 0–304–70312–5

Religious Pluralism in the West. David George Mullan, ed., 1998 Oxford: Blackwell 350 pp., £50.00/US$64.95 (hb), £15.99/US$29.95 (pb) ISBN 0–631–20669–8 (hb), ISBN 0–631–20670–1 (pb)

Hinduism: A Very Short Introduction. Kim Knott, 1998 Oxford: Oxford University Press 139 pp., £5.99 ISBN 0–19–285341–4

Psychoanalytic Studies of Religion: A Critical Assessment and Annotated Bibliography. Benjamin Beit‐Hallahmi, 1996 Westport, Connecticut/London: Greenwood Press 188 pp., £55.50 ISBN 0–313–27362–6

The Psychology of Religion: Theoretical Approaches. Bernard Spilka & Daniel N. Mcintosh, eds., 1996 Boulder, Colorado/Oxford: Westview Press 282 pp., £48.50 (hb), £16.95 (pb) ISBN )‐8133–2946–9 (hb), ISBN 0–8133–2947–7 (pb)

The Religious Function of the Psyche. Lionel Corbett, 1996 London/New York: Routledge 264 pp., £45.00 (hb), £14.99 (pb) ISBN 0–415–14400–0 (hb), ISBN 0–415–14401–9 (pb)

The Possibility of Resurrection and Other Essays in Christian Apologetics. Peter Van Inwagen, 1998 Boulder, Colorado/Oxford: Westview Press 118 pp., £41.50 ISBN 0–8133–2731–8

Every Living Thing: Daily Use of Animals in Ancient Israel. Oded Borowski, 1998 Walnut Creek/London/New Dehli: Altamira Press/Sage 296 pp., £35.00 (hb), £16.50 (pb) ISBN 0–7619–8918–8 (hb), ISBN 0–7619–8919–6 (pb)

A Critical Review. Michael Milston, 1997 London/Los Angeles/Sydney: Minerva Press 50 pp., £3.99 ISBN 1–86106–341–5

I Communiste Una religione dell'aldiquà. Michele Straniero, 1997 Milan: Mondadori 141 pp., Lire 12.000 ISBN 88–04–38672‐X

Bulgaria in the Circles of Anontie. Jelio Vladimirov, Todor Todorov, Ivan Katzarski, & Momtchil Badjakov, 1998 Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Swiss Institute for Development 121 pp., no price indicated no ISBN indicated  相似文献   

    

Elisabeth Engelberg  Lennart Sjberg 《Applied cognitive psychology》2005,19(7):899-912

The aim of the present paper was to explore whether beliefs about risk are affected by media content authenticity as perceived by the viewers. A total of 69 participants were shown either a fictional or a reality‐based film on nuclear power. They rated risk perception prior to and after the film as well as ten days later, reactions to the film experience, and items of the scale for Need for Cognition. Results showed that individuals high in need for cognition were more accurate in their judgment of the authenticity of films, but were as influenced in their risk perception as their counterparts. Nuclear risk ratings showed a significant and large increase immediately upon the film session, but had resumed pre‐film level when measured ten days later. The potential influence of perceived content authenticity on risk perception is discussed in light of increasingly transformed patterns of media consumption. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Elisabeth M. Weiss  Christian G. Kohler  Karen A. Nolan  Pal Czobor  Jan Volavka  Meredith M. Platt  Colleen Brensinger  James Loughead  Margarete Delazer  Raquel E. Gur  Ruben C. Gur 《Aggressive behavior》2006,32(3):187-194

Social psychological research underscores the relation between aggression and emotion. Specifically, regulating negative affect requires the ability to appraise restraint‐producing cues, such as facial signs of anger, fear and other emotions. Individuals diagnosed with major mental disorders are more likely to have engaged in violent behavior than mentally healthy members of the same communities. We examined whether violent and criminal behavior in men with schizophrenia is related to emotion recognition abilities. Forty‐one men with schizophrenia underwent a computerized emotion discrimination test presenting mild and extreme intensities of happy, sad, angry, fearful and neutral faces, balanced for gender and ethnicity. History of violence was assessed by the Life History of Aggression Scale and official records of arrests. Psychopathology was rated using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale. Criminal behavior was associated with poor emotion recognition, especially for fearful and angry facial expressions. History of aggression was also associated with more severe positive symptoms and less severe negative symptoms. These findings suggest that misinterpretation of social cues such as angry and fearful expression may lead to a failure in socialization and adaptive behavior in response to emotional situation, which may result in a higher number of criminal arrests. Aggr. Behav. 32:1–8, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

    

Diana Harcourt  Catrin Griffiths  Elisabeth Baker  Esther Hansen  Paul White  Alex Clarke 《Psychology, health & medicine》2016,21(2):248-253

  相似文献   

    

Laura M. Thornton PhD  Elisabeth Welch PhD  Melissa A. Munn‐Chernoff PhD  Paul Lichtenstein PhD  Cynthia M. Bulik PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2016,46(5):525-534

The extent to which genetic and environmental factors influenced anorexia nervosa (AN), major depressive disorder (MDD), and suicide attempts (SA) were evaluated. Participants were 6,899 women from the Swedish Twin Study of Adults: Genes and Environment. A Cholesky decomposition assessed independent and overlapping genetic and environmental contributions to AN, MDD, and SA. Genetic factors accounted for a substantial amount of liability to all three traits; unique environmental factors accounted for most of the remaining liability. Shared genetic factors may underlie the coexpression of these traits. Results underscore the importance of assessing for signs of suicide among individuals with AN.  相似文献