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381.
Habitual self‐control is defined as a trait‐like personal resource factor that facilitates the enactment of difficult intentions. A 14‐item Habitual Self‐Control Questionnaire (HSCQ) was developed to assess this trait. Reliability, factorial validity, and criterion validity were assessed in five undergraduate student subsamples with an overall N of 2224. Internal consistency was .81 across the entire sample, and test–retest reliability was .83 over a one‐month interval. The HSCQ showed a theoretically meaningful pattern in terms of convergent and discriminant validity and criterion validity in predicting a variety of health behaviours that relate to self‐control, including exercise, dieting behaviour, binge eating and weight loss success. Further, the HSCQ contributed uniquely to the prediction of health behaviours beyond alternative self‐control scales. In a longitudinal part of the study, the HSCQ added to the prediction of action plan completion and satisfaction beyond motivation and moderated the relationship between motivation and enactment of action plans as theoretically expected. In sum, the results provided strong evidence for the reliability and validity of the HSCQ and highlighted some theoretically meaningful differences to already existing measures of self‐control. Theoretical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
382.
ABSTRACT In this article we use theory and empirical evidence to synthesize a model for the analysis of autonomy in people with addictions. We review research on motivation and denial as accepted addiction constructs that need to be replaced with non-stigmatizing and autonomy-supportive language when seeking to ‘treat’ addicts. We present three main factors involved in relational autonomy in addiction (mentalizing, positive self-concept, and stigma), and illustrate our model by examining variations on these parameters in two case studies of heroin addicts. We conclude that a growth perspective is needed to assess functioning in populations believed to be ‘addicted’ and make suggestions for assessment. 相似文献
383.
Naomi J Hackworth Victoria E Hamilton Susan M Moore Elisabeth A Northam Zvezdana Bucalo Fergus J Cameron 《Australian psychologist》2013,48(5):360-369
The purpose of this study was to explore the psychosocial predictors of diabetes self‐care (adherence to care regimes), metabolic control (glycated haemoglobin), and mental health among rural‐ and urban‐dwelling youth with type 1 diabetes. One hundred and twenty three adolescents/young adults (aged 13?25 years, mean = 16 years, standard deviation = 3.8 years) with type 1 diabetes, 50 males and 73 females, completed questionnaires reporting on diabetes self‐care, metabolic control, mental health (negative affect, quality of life), risk‐taking behaviours and attitudes, diabetes self‐efficacy, community engagement, and perceived social support. No rural/urban differences were detected on key predictors or outcome variables. Structural equation modelling revealed that high diabetes self‐efficacy, lower risk behaviour, and more conservative attitudes to risk taking predicted better diabetes self‐care, which in turn predicted better metabolic control and mental health. Social support and engagement in community activities did not influence diabetes self‐care. The study has significance because both diabetes self‐efficacy and propensity towards risk behaviour are potential targets for educational and counselling interventions designed to improve diabetes self‐care regimes and resultant metabolic and mental health outcomes. 相似文献
384.
Elisabeth H. M. Eurelings-Bontekoe Arno van Dam Patrick Luyten Wendy A. C. M. Verhulst Carola A. van Tilburg Peter de Heus 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(5):439-452
It is generally believed that people "normally" see male figures on Card III and females on Card VII, and that seeing females on III by males may be an indication of confused sexuality. Brown (1971) suggests that recently there has been a marked increase in the number of males who see females on III and that this indicates a cultural change toward a blurring of sex roles. Present findings are that male subjects through 60 years of age see substantial numbers of females on Card III. More males do see females on III in 1970 than earlier, but it seems to be the age of the subject more than the decade in which he lives that primarily determines response. 相似文献
385.
This study examined the hypothesis that mothers' views of their child's performance on an academic task are more synchronous with those of their child than are fathers' views. Parents of 30 sixth-grade children were asked to predict their child's memory spans on a recall and a recognition task given to each child. Parents and children were also asked to judge the importance for the child's performance on 10 attribution factors created for use with memory tests. In line with the hypothesis, mothers predicted the child's memory span more accurately than fathers, and the mothers' attributions were more congruent with those of their children. Mothers were also more aware than fathers of the different demands of the two memory tasks. These findings suggest that mothers may be more aware than fathers of their child's academic progress and that mothers' attitudes and expectations may be more influential in determining the child's path of development. 相似文献
386.
Cassandra Nan Jan Piek Claire Warner Diane Mellers Ruth Elisabeth Krone Timothy Barrett Maurice P. Zeegers 《Infant behavior & development》2013
Background
Low birth weight and low 5-min Apgar scores have been associated with developmental delay, while older maternal age is a protective factor. Little is known about trajectories and predictors of developmental skills in infant twins, who are generally born with lower birth weights, lower Apgar scores and to older mothers.Methods
Developmental skills were assessed at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires in 152 twins from the Birmingham Registry for Twin and Heritability Studies. Multilevel spline and linear regression models (adjusted for gestational age, gender, maternal age) were used to estimate developmental trajectories and the associations between birth weight, maternal age and Apgar scores on developmental skills.Results
Twins performed worse than singletons on communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving and personal-social skills (p < 0.001). Twins caught up around 6 months (score within −1 standard deviation of norm), except on gross motor skills, which did not catch up until after the age of 12 months. A one-year increase in maternal age was significantly associated with decreases in gross motor and personal–social z-scores of up to −0.09, whereas one unit increases in Apgar score increased z-scores up to 0.90 (p < 0.01).Conclusions
Healthy twins should be considered at a higher risk for developmental delay. Whether these results are comparable to preterm singletons, or whether there are twin-specific issues involved, should be further investigated in a study that uses a matched singleton control group. 相似文献387.
Hanneke Schaap Jonker Elisabeth H. M. Eurelings-Bontekoe Hetty Zock Evert Jonker 《Mental health, religion & culture》2013,16(5):501-515
This article presents the Dutch Questionnaire God Image (QGI), which has two theory-based dimensions: feelings towards God and perceptions of God's actions. This instrument was validated among a sample of 804 respondents, of which 244 persons received psychotherapy. Results showed relationships between the affective and cognitive aspect of the God image. The God image of psychiatric patients had a more negative and threatening nature than the God image of the non-psychiatric respondents. Also, religious culture appeared to affect the God image. 相似文献
388.
Little is known about how the knowledge of being a mutation carrier for Huntington’s disease (HD) influences lives, emotionally
and socially. In this qualitative study 10 interviews were conducted to explore the long term (>5 years) experiences of being
a mutation carrier. The results showed a broad variety of both positive and negative impact on the carriers’ lives. The most
prominent positive changes reported were a greater appreciation of life and a tendency to bring the family closer together.
On the other hand, some participants expressed decisional regrets and discussed the negative impact this knowledge had on
their psychological well-being. The knowledge variously served as either a motivator or an obstacle in pursuing further education,
career or investment in personal health. Deeper understanding of people’s reactions to the certainty of knowing they will
become affected with HD is essential for the genetic counseling team in order to provide appropriate support. 相似文献
389.
Elisabeth Norman Mark C. Price Emma Jones Zoltan Dienes 《Consciousness and cognition》2011,20(4):1933-1934
In Norman, Price, and Jones (2011), we argued that the ability to apply two sets of grammar rules flexibly from trial to trial on a “mixed-block” AGL classification task indicated strategic control over knowledge that was less than fully explicit. Jiménez (2011) suggested that our results do not in themselves prove that participants learned – and strategically controlled – complex properties of the structures of the grammars, but that they may be accounted for by learning of simple letter frequencies. We first explain why our main conclusions regarding strategic control and conscious awareness are a separable issue to this criticism. We then report additional data which show that our participants’ ability to discriminate between the two grammars was not attributable to differences in simple letter frequencies. 相似文献
390.
Felber M Schabmann A Inschlag N Karesch L Ponocny-Seliger E Friedrich MH Völkl-Kernstock S 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(4):400-409
Using the example of a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), a painful radiological procedure, this study investigated whether
parental soothing behavior (reassuring comments like “it’s almost over” or “You’re O.K.” and soothing by “sh, sh”) in one
phase of the procedure influenced the child’s distress in the following phase. The sample was comprised of 68 2–8 year-old
children and the accompanying parent(s). Child and parental behavior during the VCUG was coded using a standardized rating
scale (CAMPIS-R). Parental reassurance during the anticipatory phase significantly increased the child’s distress of the following
phase, while parental “sh, sh” significantly reduced it. Both parental behaviors showed no significant effect on the child’s
distress of the following phase when applied during the procedure itself. Results underline the importance of differentiating
between anticipatory and procedural phases of the VCUG. Counselling methods for parents on more appropriate strategies to
assist their children during procedural phases of the VCUG are necessary. 相似文献