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152.
Graziella Fava Vizziello Maria Elisa Antonioli Valentina Cocci Roberta Invernizzi 《Infant mental health journal》1993,14(1):4-16
The aim of this work was to identify ways of objectifying the course of mothers' represen tations of their babies and themselves as mothers during pregnancy and the postpartum period. A sample of 51 women attending a Family Guidance Clinic for psychoprophylaxis courses was studied using semistruc tured interviews that were administered in the 7th month of pregnancy and on the 5th day and in the 4th month postpartum. This paper describes a method for classifiying themes identified in the mothers' representations of the baby and of the self-as-mother as wish-organized, defense-organized, fear-organized, or disorganized. This classification derives from the presumed clinical function of the narrative themes in the mothers' representational world. Themes about the baby and about the self-as-mother were primarily fear-organized at the 7th month of pregnancy. On the 5th day postpartum, there was no prevailing thematic organization. At 4 months postpartum, representations of the baby were primarily fear-organized and almost never disorganized. We speculate that themes about the baby and the self-as-mother that are disorganized may have negative prognostic significance. 相似文献
153.
Stefania Balzarotti Federica Cavaletti Adriano D'Aloia Barbara Colombo Elisa Cardani Maria Rita Ciceri Alessandro Antonietti Ruggero Eugeni 《Cognitive Science》2021,45(4):e12969
The present study examined whether cinematographic editing density affects viewers’ perception of time. As a second aim, based on embodied models that conceive time perception as strictly connected to the movement, we tested the hypothesis that the editing density of moving images also affects viewers’ eye movements and that these later mediate the effect of editing density on viewers’ temporal judgments. Seventy participants watched nine video clips edited by manipulating the number of cuts (slow- and fast-paced editing against a master shot, unedited condition). For each editing density, multiple video clips were created, representing three different kinds of routine actions. The participants’ eye movements were recorded while watching the video, and the participants were asked to report duration judgments and subjective passage of time judgments after watching each clip. The results showed that participants subjectively perceived that time flew more while watching fast-paced edited videos than slow-paced or unedited videos; by contrast, concerning duration judgments, participants overestimated the duration of fast-paced videos compared to the master-shot videos. Both the slow- and the fast-paced editing generated shorter fixations than the master shot, and the fast-paced editing led to shorter fixations than the slow-paced editing. Finally, compared to the unedited condition, editing led to an overestimation of durations through increased eye mobility. These findings suggest that the editing density of moving images by increasing the number of cuts effectively altered viewers’ experience of time and add further evidence to prior research showing that performed eye movement is associated with temporal judgments. 相似文献
154.
Elisa Filevich Patricia Vanneste Marcel Brass Wim Fias Patrick Haggard Simone Kühn 《Consciousness and cognition》2013,22(4):1271-1284
The subjective feeling of free choice is an important feature of human experience. Experimental tasks have typically studied free choice by contrasting free and instructed selection of response alternatives. These tasks have been criticised, and it remains unclear how they relate to the subjective feeling of freely choosing. We replicated previous findings of the fMRI correlates of free choice, defined objectively. We introduced a novel task in which participants could experience and report a graded sense of free choice. BOLD responses for conditions subjectively experienced as free identified a postcentral area distinct from the areas typically considered to be involved in free action. Thus, the brain correlates of subjective feeling of free action were not directly related to any established brain correlates of objectively-defined free action. Our results call into question traditional assumptions about the relation between subjective experience of choosing and activity in the brain’s so-called voluntary motor areas. 相似文献
155.
Peterson AL Luethcke CA Borah EV Borah AM Young-McCaughan S 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(2):164-175
Over the past 9 years approximately 2 million U.S. military personnel have deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom
in Iraq and Operation Enduring Freedom in and around Afghanistan. It has been estimated that 5–17% of service members returning
from these deployments are at significant risk for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Many of these returning
war veterans will seek medical and mental health care in academic health centers. This paper reviews the unique stressors
that are related to the development of combat-related PTSD. It also reviews evidence-based approaches to the assessment and
treatment of PTSD, research needed to evaluate treatments for combat-related PTSD, and opportunities and challenges for clinical
psychologists working in academic health centers. 相似文献
156.
Models of decision making postulate that interactions between contextual conditions and characteristics of the decision maker determine decision-making performance. We tested this assumption by using a possible positive contextual influence (goals) and a possible negative contextual influence (anchor) in a risky decision-making task (Game of Dice Task, GDT). In this task, making advantageous choices is well known to be closely related to a specific decision maker variable: the individual level of executive functions. One hundred subjects played the GDT in one of four conditions: with self-set goal for final balance (n?=?25), with presentation of an anchor (a fictitious Top 10 list, showing high gains of other participants; n?=?25), with anchor and goal definition (n?=?25), and with neither anchor nor goal setting (n?=?25). Subjects in the conditions with anchor made more risky decisions irrespective of the negative feedback, but this anchor effect was influenced by goal monitoring and moderated by the level of the subjects' executive functions. The findings imply that impacts of situational influences on decision making as they frequently occur in real life depend upon the individual's cognitive abilities. Anchor effects can be overcome by subjects with good cognitive abilities. 相似文献
157.
Elisa Pontini 《Studies in East European Thought》2006,58(3):161-178
What Mamardašvili meant by “process of knowledge” is not an all-embracing vision of reality accomplished “once-and-for-all”;
it is not a step by step procedure of deduction; rather it is an anti-dialectical reconstruction of a constellation of signs
put together over and over again by the subject by an act of non-premeditated genius. It is a kind of aesthetic act that makes
the sense appear, like a vertical cut in the sequential line of space and time. 相似文献
158.
Charlie L. Reeve Eric D. Heggestad Elisa George 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2005,13(4):316-320
In response to Schmidt, Le, and Ilies' (2003) call for further assessment of transient error variance in measures of key individual difference variables, the current study examines transient error estimates for eight speeded cognitive ability scales and a composite scale. One hundred twenty‐three participants were tested on two occasions with a 1‐week interval between administrations. Estimates of transient error ranged from a low of .01 to a high of .18, with an average value of .09. The coefficient of equivalence, based on the split‐half method, resulted in overestimates of reliability by as little as 1.90% to as much as 25.96%, with an average 12.96%. 相似文献
159.
Self-report and mono-method bias often threaten the validity of research conducted in business settings and thus hinder the development of theories of organizational behavior. This paper outlines a conceptual framework for understanding factors that influence the motivation of an employee to bias his or her responses to questions posed by organizational researchers. Using a longitudinal, multitrait-multimethod dataset, we illustrate various aspects of the problem and argue that traditional approaches for controlling self-report bias do not adequately prevent the problem. The results suggest the need for developing a theory of method effects and companion analytic techniques to improve the accuracy of psychological research in business settings. 相似文献
160.
Kozasa EH Santos RF Rueda AD Benedito-Silva AA De Ornellas FL Leite JR 《Psychological reports》2008,103(1):271-274
Siddha Samadhi Yoga is a program in which meditation is associated with pranayama (breathing exercises). 22 volunteers with anxiety complaints (M age = 42.8 yr., SD = 10.3) were assigned to two groups: 14 attended the yoga group, and 8 attended a waiting-list or control group. They were evaluated before the intervention and 1 month after it on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, Tension Feelings Self-evaluation Scales, and the Well-being Self-evaluation Scales. A significant reduction in scores on anxiety, depression, and tension was found in yoga group, as well as an increase in well-being in comparison with the control group. 相似文献