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161.
Fanny Elisa Lena 《Journal of Child Psychotherapy》2017,43(1):40-54
This paper explores the challenges and developmental opportunities of working with the sexual transference in psychotherapy with adolescents. Psychoanalytic contributions investigating the nature of adolescent sexuality and the developmental move from a narcissistic organisation to a capacity to form intimate relationships are reviewed, and the question of what happens when there is a lack of containment in infancy is addressed. The way in which unintegrated sexual impulses and phantasies can invade the therapeutic relationship is further discussed through the account of the weekly psychotherapy of a 16-year-old boy who formed a powerful sexual transference to his female therapist. The paper highlights how working through the sexual transference enabled this young man to face his developmental paralysis and begin to use the therapy as an opportunity for psychic growth. 相似文献
162.
Paolo Mongillo Elisa Pitteri Pamela Sambugaro Paolo Carnier Lieta Marinelli 《Animal cognition》2017,20(2):257-265
Dogs enrolled in a previous study were assessed two years later for reliability of their local/global preference in a discrimination test with the same hierarchical stimuli used in the previous study (Experiment 1) and with a novel stimulus (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, dogs easily re-learned to discriminate the positive stimulus; their individual global/local choices were stable compared to the previous study; and an overall clear global bias was found. In Experiment 2, dogs were slower in acquiring the initial discrimination task; the overall global bias disappeared; and, individually, dogs tended to make inverse choices compared to the original study. Spontaneous attention toward the test stimulus resembling the global features of the probe stimulus was the main factor affecting the likeliness of a global choice of our dogs, regardless of the type of experiment. However, attention to task-irrelevant elements increased at the expense of attention to the stimuli in the test phase of Experiment 2. Overall, the results suggest that the stability of global bias in dogs depends on the characteristics of the assessment contingencies, likely including the learning requirements of the tasks. Our results also clearly indicate that attention processes have a prominent role on dogs’ global bias, in agreement with previous findings in humans and other species. 相似文献
163.
Ilaria Grazzani Veronica Ornaghi Alessandro Pepe Elisa Brazzelli Carolien Rieffe 《European Journal of Developmental Psychology》2017,14(1):118-126
Empathy is the basic ability to respond affectively to the emotions of others and is observed early in human development. This study (N = 304) tested the Italian version of the Empathy Questionnaire (EmQue), which is a parent scale assessing empathy-related behaviors in toddlers. For this study, it was completed by participants’ mothers only. The EmQue measurement model and its factorial invariance across children’s gender were tested via confirmatory factor analysis. Highly satisfactory goodness-of-fit indexes were found for a three factor-structure (contagion, attention to the feelings of others and prosocial actions) with 13 loading items. Furthermore, the data supported invariance of measurement across gender groups. These results suggest that the EmQue-I13 is a reliable instrument for investigating empathy and prosocial behavior in 18- to 36-month-old children in the Italian context. 相似文献
164.
Elisa Gambetti Raffaella Nori Fabio Marinello Micaela Maria Zucchelli Fiorella Giusberti 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2017,29(3):352-363
Deciding about people’s responsibility, intentions and need for punishment is particularly hard and it may be often associated with counterfactual thinking, which refers to the creation of mental alternatives to actual events. Ninety-three participants were asked to generate downward or upward counterfactuals regarding a given criminal event and, then, to give judgments about defendant’s predictability, responsibility, intentionality and punishment. Results showed that downward counterfactuals had led people to judge the event less intentional, the defendant less responsible and, therefore, to give him a less severe punishment (vice versa for upward). The relationship between counterfactuals and intentionality judgments was partially mediated by the perceived defendant’s predictability of the negative outcomes. Finally, downward counterfactuals were linked to a greater focus on the context (external factors), whereas upward counterfactuals on the defendant/victim’s behaviours (internal factors). Findings were discussed considering both theoretical decision-making models and applications on the judicial field. 相似文献
165.
Antonio Rizzo Elisa Rubegni Erik Grönval Maurizio Caporali Andrea Alessandrini 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2009,22(1):51-59
Ubiquitous Computing, Pervasive Computing, Physical Computing, Everyware, Tangible User Interface, and the Internet of Things
all share the same viewpoint—a viewpoint that sees computers, phones, and game consoles as no longer being the only devices
in our environment deemed worthy to embody computation and be connected. Each of these approaches focuses on slightly different
aspects of the features and potentialities of the enabling technologies (i.e., Physical Computing focuses on the growing power
of microcontrollers; IOT on the increasing influence of tagging systems; Everyware on the pervasiveness of the web through
wired and wireless connections, etc.) We understand and place more emphasis on the similarities then the differences among
these approaches, and at the same time, we try to address specific human activity issues by exploiting these new enabling
technologies and visions. In the paper, we present a project, Wi-roni, that addresses two issues: in-person communication
and the added value of being in a given location when accessing a given content. To this end, we considered in some detail
the possibilities of three of these enabling technologies: ultrasound sensors, MEMS, and mash-up of Internet application.
These technologies were chosen based on the nature of the human activity, and not vice versa. In Wi-roni, an Urban Architecture
project located in the La Gora public park in Monteroni d'Arbia, a small village in the province of Siena (Italy), we developed
two interconnect solutions: Wi-wave, a column for accessing web audio content in public spaces, and Wi-swing, a children’s
swing that tells stories while swinging. These devices represent both the concrete grounds from which to begin to address
the abovementioned human activity issues and the playground in which to explore the new, emerging interaction modalities that
the enabling technologies could allow. 相似文献
166.
Self-report and mono-method bias often threaten the validity of research conducted in business settings and thus hinder the development of theories of organizational behavior. This paper outlines a conceptual framework for understanding factors that influence the motivation of an employee to bias his or her responses to questions posed by organizational researchers. Using a longitudinal, multitrait-multimethod dataset, we illustrate various aspects of the problem and argue that traditional approaches for controlling self-report bias do not adequately prevent the problem. The results suggest the need for developing a theory of method effects and companion analytic techniques to improve the accuracy of psychological research in business settings. 相似文献
167.
Kozasa EH Santos RF Rueda AD Benedito-Silva AA De Ornellas FL Leite JR 《Psychological reports》2008,103(1):271-274
Siddha Samadhi Yoga is a program in which meditation is associated with pranayama (breathing exercises). 22 volunteers with anxiety complaints (M age = 42.8 yr., SD = 10.3) were assigned to two groups: 14 attended the yoga group, and 8 attended a waiting-list or control group. They were evaluated before the intervention and 1 month after it on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, Tension Feelings Self-evaluation Scales, and the Well-being Self-evaluation Scales. A significant reduction in scores on anxiety, depression, and tension was found in yoga group, as well as an increase in well-being in comparison with the control group. 相似文献
168.
Elisa Kern de Castro Bernardo Moreno Jiménez 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(2):154-162
This study assessed the influence of clinical and socio-demographic variables on the psychological adaptation of transplanted
adolescents. Twenty-six transplanted adolescents and 25 healthy adolescents, aged 13–17, and their parents participated in
the study. The following domains were measured: social competence, emotional/behavioral problems, self-concept, self-esteem
and subjective well-being. The findings revealed that transplanted boys presented significantly less social competence (U = 26,000, p < .05) and more externalizing problems (U = 25,000, p < .05), social problems (U = 25,000, p < .05) and attention problems (U = 17,500, p < .01) than healthy boys. In contrast, transplanted girls displayed significantly more internalizing problems (U = 47,000, p < .05) and lower physical self-concept (U = 49,500, p < .05) than healthy girls. Hierarchical regression analysis showed clinical variables, especially waiting-list time, significantly
predicted attention problems (β = .364, p < .05) and negative affect (β = .632, p < .05) in transplanted adolescents. Also, male (β = −0.554, p < .01) and younger (β = −0.444, p < .01) transplanted adolescents were at risk for attention problems. Our data suggest the importance of the waiting-list time
for transplanted adolescents. Efforts to reduce the pretransplant phase would help adolescents achieve better psychological
adaptation at long-term posttransplant. 相似文献
169.
Carly A. Moher D. Daniel Gould Elisa Hegg Amanda M. Mahoney 《Behavioral Interventions》2008,23(1):13-38
Conditioned reinforcers, or tokens, are frequently used in clinical settings; however, little applied research has focused on establishing and validating their effectiveness. Following pairing of a novel token with an edible reinforcer in the present study, preference and reinforcer assessments verified that the tokens functioned as conditioned reinforcers. Results indicated that the tokens were established as conditioned reinforcers that matched the reinforcer value of the primary reinforcers with which they had been paired. The effects of motivating operations (MOs) on the effectiveness of these conditioned reinforcers were then evaluated. Conditioned reinforcer effectiveness decreased during satiation conditions. Subsequently it was found that increasing the number of backup reinforcers with which the token was paired resulted in the effectiveness maintaining during satiation conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
170.
Elisa Di Giorgio Marco Lunghi Rosa Rugani Lucia Regolin Beatrice Dalla Barba Giorgio Vallortigara Francesca Simion 《Developmental science》2019,22(6)
Humans represent numbers on a mental number line with smaller numbers on the left and larger numbers on the right side. A left‐to‐right oriented spatial–numerical association, (SNA), has been demonstrated in animals and infants. However, the possibility that SNA is learnt by early exposure to caregivers’ directional biases is still open. We conducted two experiments: in Experiment 1, we tested whether SNA is present at birth and in Experiment 2, we studied whether it depends on the relative rather than the absolute magnitude of numerousness. Fifty‐five‐hour‐old newborns, once habituated to a number (12), spontaneously associated a smaller number (4) with the left and a larger number (36) with the right side (Experiment 1). SNA in neonates is not absolute but relative. The same number (12) was associated with the left side rather than the right side whenever the previously experienced number was larger (36) rather than smaller (4) (Experiment 2). Control on continuous physical variables showed that the effect is specific of discrete magnitudes. These results constitute strong evidence that in our species SNA originates from pre‐linguistic and biological precursors in the brain. 相似文献