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171.
Antonio Rizzo Elisa Rubegni Erik Grönval Maurizio Caporali Andrea Alessandrini 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2009,22(1):51-59
Ubiquitous Computing, Pervasive Computing, Physical Computing, Everyware, Tangible User Interface, and the Internet of Things
all share the same viewpoint—a viewpoint that sees computers, phones, and game consoles as no longer being the only devices
in our environment deemed worthy to embody computation and be connected. Each of these approaches focuses on slightly different
aspects of the features and potentialities of the enabling technologies (i.e., Physical Computing focuses on the growing power
of microcontrollers; IOT on the increasing influence of tagging systems; Everyware on the pervasiveness of the web through
wired and wireless connections, etc.) We understand and place more emphasis on the similarities then the differences among
these approaches, and at the same time, we try to address specific human activity issues by exploiting these new enabling
technologies and visions. In the paper, we present a project, Wi-roni, that addresses two issues: in-person communication
and the added value of being in a given location when accessing a given content. To this end, we considered in some detail
the possibilities of three of these enabling technologies: ultrasound sensors, MEMS, and mash-up of Internet application.
These technologies were chosen based on the nature of the human activity, and not vice versa. In Wi-roni, an Urban Architecture
project located in the La Gora public park in Monteroni d'Arbia, a small village in the province of Siena (Italy), we developed
two interconnect solutions: Wi-wave, a column for accessing web audio content in public spaces, and Wi-swing, a children’s
swing that tells stories while swinging. These devices represent both the concrete grounds from which to begin to address
the abovementioned human activity issues and the playground in which to explore the new, emerging interaction modalities that
the enabling technologies could allow. 相似文献
172.
Elisa A. Hurley 《The Southern journal of philosophy》2007,45(1):79-104
It is now a commonplace that emotions are not mere sensations but, rather, conceptually contentful states. In trying to expand on this insight, however, most theoretical approaches to emotions neglect central intuitions about what emotions are like. We therefore need a methodological shift in our thinking about emotions away from the standard accounts' attempts to reduce them to other mental states and toward an exploration of the distinctive work emotions do. I show that emotions' distinctive function is to engage us with both objective and personal values. Attention to emotions' work reveals that it is precisely their “unruliness” that allows them to play meaningful roles in our lives. 相似文献
173.
174.
Kryste Ferguson Sandra Masur Lynne Olson Julio Ramirez Elisa Robyn Karen Schmaling 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2007,5(2-4):189-198
Institutions create their own internal cultures, including the culture of ethics that pervades scientific research, academic policy, and administrative philosophy. This paper addresses some of the issues involved in institutional enhancement of its culture of research ethics, focused on individual empowerment and strategies that individuals can use to initiate institutional change. 相似文献
175.
Fanny Elisa Lena 《Journal of Child Psychotherapy》2017,43(1):40-54
This paper explores the challenges and developmental opportunities of working with the sexual transference in psychotherapy with adolescents. Psychoanalytic contributions investigating the nature of adolescent sexuality and the developmental move from a narcissistic organisation to a capacity to form intimate relationships are reviewed, and the question of what happens when there is a lack of containment in infancy is addressed. The way in which unintegrated sexual impulses and phantasies can invade the therapeutic relationship is further discussed through the account of the weekly psychotherapy of a 16-year-old boy who formed a powerful sexual transference to his female therapist. The paper highlights how working through the sexual transference enabled this young man to face his developmental paralysis and begin to use the therapy as an opportunity for psychic growth. 相似文献
176.
Ilaria Grazzani Veronica Ornaghi Alessandro Pepe Elisa Brazzelli Carolien Rieffe 《European Journal of Developmental Psychology》2017,14(1):118-126
Empathy is the basic ability to respond affectively to the emotions of others and is observed early in human development. This study (N = 304) tested the Italian version of the Empathy Questionnaire (EmQue), which is a parent scale assessing empathy-related behaviors in toddlers. For this study, it was completed by participants’ mothers only. The EmQue measurement model and its factorial invariance across children’s gender were tested via confirmatory factor analysis. Highly satisfactory goodness-of-fit indexes were found for a three factor-structure (contagion, attention to the feelings of others and prosocial actions) with 13 loading items. Furthermore, the data supported invariance of measurement across gender groups. These results suggest that the EmQue-I13 is a reliable instrument for investigating empathy and prosocial behavior in 18- to 36-month-old children in the Italian context. 相似文献
177.
Elisa Gambetti Raffaella Nori Fabio Marinello Micaela Maria Zucchelli Fiorella Giusberti 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2017,29(3):352-363
Deciding about people’s responsibility, intentions and need for punishment is particularly hard and it may be often associated with counterfactual thinking, which refers to the creation of mental alternatives to actual events. Ninety-three participants were asked to generate downward or upward counterfactuals regarding a given criminal event and, then, to give judgments about defendant’s predictability, responsibility, intentionality and punishment. Results showed that downward counterfactuals had led people to judge the event less intentional, the defendant less responsible and, therefore, to give him a less severe punishment (vice versa for upward). The relationship between counterfactuals and intentionality judgments was partially mediated by the perceived defendant’s predictability of the negative outcomes. Finally, downward counterfactuals were linked to a greater focus on the context (external factors), whereas upward counterfactuals on the defendant/victim’s behaviours (internal factors). Findings were discussed considering both theoretical decision-making models and applications on the judicial field. 相似文献
178.
Paolo Mongillo Elisa Pitteri Pamela Sambugaro Paolo Carnier Lieta Marinelli 《Animal cognition》2017,20(2):257-265
Dogs enrolled in a previous study were assessed two years later for reliability of their local/global preference in a discrimination test with the same hierarchical stimuli used in the previous study (Experiment 1) and with a novel stimulus (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, dogs easily re-learned to discriminate the positive stimulus; their individual global/local choices were stable compared to the previous study; and an overall clear global bias was found. In Experiment 2, dogs were slower in acquiring the initial discrimination task; the overall global bias disappeared; and, individually, dogs tended to make inverse choices compared to the original study. Spontaneous attention toward the test stimulus resembling the global features of the probe stimulus was the main factor affecting the likeliness of a global choice of our dogs, regardless of the type of experiment. However, attention to task-irrelevant elements increased at the expense of attention to the stimuli in the test phase of Experiment 2. Overall, the results suggest that the stability of global bias in dogs depends on the characteristics of the assessment contingencies, likely including the learning requirements of the tasks. Our results also clearly indicate that attention processes have a prominent role on dogs’ global bias, in agreement with previous findings in humans and other species. 相似文献
179.
This paper examines parents experiences of medical decision-making and coping with having a critically ill baby in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) from a cross-cultural perspective (France vs. U.S.A.). Though parents experiences in the NICU were very similar despite cultural and institutional differences, each system addresses their needs in a different way. Interviews with parents show that French parents expressed overall higher satisfaction with the care of their babies and were better able to cope with the loss of their child than American parents. Central to the French parents perception of autonomy and their sense of satisfaction were the strong doctor–patient relationship, the emphasis on medical certainty in prognosis versus uncertainty in the American context, and the sentimental work" provided by the team. The American setting, characterized by respect for parental autonomy, did not necessarily translate into full parental involvement in decision-making, and it limited the rapport between doctors and parents to the extent of parental isolation. This empirical comparative approach fosters a much-needed critique of philosophical principles by underscoring, from the parents perspective, the lack of emotional work" involved in the practice of autonomy in the American unit compared to the paternalistic European context. Beyond theoretical and ethical arguments, we must reconsider the practice of autonomy in particularly stressful situations by providing more specific means to cope, translating the impersonal language of rights" and decision-making into trusting, caring relationships, and sharing the responsibility for making tragic choices. 相似文献
180.
Melanie S. Fischer Brian R. W. Baucom Donald H. Baucom Elisa Sheng David C. Atkins Kurt Hahlweg 《Family process》2019,58(2):463-477
Maladaptive emotional reactivity and dysfunctional communication during couple conflict are both destructive to couple functioning, and observational research has elucidated how conflict escalates. However, much of the evidence is based on measures that combine content (i.e., what was said) and the emotion with which it was said, which are then examined using sequential analyses. Despite the general presumptions about underlying emotional reactivity and escalation in negative emotions as part of relationship distress and deterioration, little empirical data are available that directly examine these continuous shifts in emotions. The current study examined concurrent and longitudinal associations between relationship satisfaction and trajectories of change in vocally expressed emotional arousal during couple conflict in 62 couples who participated in a relationship education program. Contrary to expectations and patterns found in distressed couples, trajectories followed a U‐shape rather than an inverted U‐shape curve, with steeper and more persistent decreases in emotional arousal predicting more stable relationship satisfaction over time. In addition, there were within‐couple effects. These results suggest that early signs for relationship deterioration may be less in the form of overt escalation as would be seen in distressed couples. Instead, couples who subsequently deteriorate more are less effective in calming emotional arousal. They also are less able to remain at lower emotional arousal. It is possible that the more pronounced escalation toward the end of the conversation in more at‐risk couples is a precursor of the greater escalation patterns seen in distressed couples; this should be examined empirically. Limitations and implications are discussed. 相似文献