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排序方式: 共有131条查询结果,搜索用时 616 毫秒
1.
Relationships between experiences, processing style, and sex-related differences in performance on spatial tests 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
53 female and 45 male undergraduates were administered the Spatial Antecedents Questionnaire (Activities, Academic Courses, Self-assessments, and Environmental Mapping subscales), the Spatial Dimensionality Test (Embedded Figures, Card Rotations, Paper Folding, Surface Development, Horizontal/Vertical Rotations, and Cube Perspectives subtests), and Revised-Individual Differences Questionnaire of Paivio. Scores from the Academic Courses and Self-assessment scales accounted for the most variability in spatial performance. Visual processing style correlated with performance on spatial tests for men, but not for women. Different patterns of activities and experiences correlated with spatial test performance for men and women. 相似文献
2.
Eliot Hearst 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1961,4(2):133-144
3.
Eliot Hearst 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1965,8(3):135-146
Rats trained to discriminate between SD and SΔ for food reinforcement showed marked impairments in this discrimination when strong, unavoidable shocks occurred at the termination of a third stimulus. The predominant feature of this impairment was a supernormal rate of unreinforced (SΔ) behavior. Shocks delivered without exteroceptive warning also led to a discriminative breakdown. The effect was a direct function of shock intensity. When behavior was strongly suppressed in the third stimulus by response-correlated shock (“punishment”), instead of unavoidable shock, breakdowns were only temporary; as soon as responding recovered from its overall suppression, discriminative performance returned to normal. The discriminative deterioration may be interpreted as an emotional by-product of frequent aversive stimulation, but accidental contingencies could also have played a role. 相似文献
4.
Michael Borenstein 《Behavior research methods》1994,26(3):352-365
This paper describes a method for generating sample survival distributions from a hypothetical population, as would be required for running Monte Carlo simulations. The method is based on the concept of a quincunx. Cases are entered into a life table and allowed to drop out or die during each interval with probabilities that mirror the hypothetical population. By repeating this process many times and tracking the results, the researcher is able to study the sampling distribution of effect size indices and test statistics, and can generate empirical estimates of power and precision for planned studies. Unlike other methods that are commonly used for this purpose, the model proposed here allows the researcher to define a population in which the hazard rates and/or attrition rates vary substantially from one time point to the next, as may be the case in clinical trials or studies of processing times. The method requires less than 100 lines of code and runs some 10,000 simulations per hour on a microcomputer. 相似文献
5.
Frederick D. Miller Eliot R Smith Myra Marx Ferree Shelley E. Taylor 《Journal of applied social psychology》1976,6(4):352-359
Male and female subjects rated female victims of misfortune after observing videotapes of the victims detailing their injuries to doctors. Contrary to predictions of just wortd theory, subjects derogated culpable victims more than innocent victims. When observers identified with the victim, through political ties, derogation was reduced. It was concluded that responses to victims are described by a balance theory framework in which the observer's relationships to the victim and the victimizing agent determine whether (s)he will react to victims with sympathy or derogation. It was further concluded that these relationships can be predicted from an understanding of the social and political context shared by the perceiver and the victim. 相似文献
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8.
A distributed connectionist network can account for both bookkeeping (M. Rothbart, 1981) and subtyping (M. B. Brewer, V. Dull, & L. Lui, 1981; S. E. Taylor, 1981) effects. The finding traditionally regarded as demonstrating subtyping is that exposure to moderate (compared with extreme) disconfirmers leads to subsequent ratings of the group that are less stereotypic. Despite learning that is incremental and analogous to bookkeeping, the simulations replicate this finding and suggest that the "subtyping" pattern of results will be drastically reduced if disconfirmers are encountered before the stereotype is well-established. This novel prediction holds with human participants and offers a tantalizing suggestion: Although moderate disconfirmers may produce more stereotype change. stereotype development might be discouraged by exposure to either extreme or moderate disconfirmers. 相似文献
9.
Scores on three spatial tests (mental rotation, embedded figures, and gestalt completion) were significantly correlated with four same-different reaction-time tasks in a sample of 48 female university students. Scores on the Vandenberg-Kuse mental rotation test correlated best with a one-different-all-different task, embedded figures with a one-different-all-same task, and the gestalt completion with a one-same-all-same task, suggesting that the strategies subjects employ for each spatial test are similar to the strategies they use in each of the same-different tasks with which their scores correlate best. Present results support the position that stronger correlations than previously noted between scores on spatial tests and reaction-time tasks are observed when matching the tests and tasks in terms of hypothesized underlying processes. 相似文献
10.
Hazeltine E 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2005,12(4):682-688
The present study investigated response-response (R-R) compatibility in a bimanual keypressing task. Numeric and spatial stimuli
were used to cue responses for each hand. Two groups of participants differed in terms of the stimulus-response mappings for
the numeric stimuli. For one group, the numeric stimuli were mapped so that the same number for each hand indicated responses
that were anatomically compatible (e.g., index finger of both hands). For the other group, the same number for each hand indicated
responses that were left-right compatible (e.g., leftmost finger of both hands). The spatial stimuli were mapped in a spatially
compatible manner to the responses for both groups. For numeric stimuli, reaction times (RTs) were faster when the same number
indicated the response for each hand, regardless of the mapping. For the spatial stimuli, RTs were determined not only by
the pairing of stimuli or responses, but also by how the responses were indicated by numeric stimuli. The results indicate
that R-R compatibility effects are mediated by abstract codes that reflect individuals’ conceptualizations of their actions. 相似文献