七巧板训练与小学低年级学生操作能力提高的实验研究

用七巧板对低年级小学生进行图形训练,以《韦氏儿童智力量表》作为检测工具,探索开发儿童大脑潜能的有效办法。结果发现：①从总体上看,七巧板训练对小学低年级学生操作能力的提高具有积极作用,使用《韦氏儿童智力量表》进行检测,发现实验班的操作智商显著高于对照班;②受训儿童操作智商的提高主要体现在积木和拼图成绩上,而填图、排列、译码成绩提高不明显;③统计结果表明,训练的效果与性别无关,即男女学生均可从七巧板训练中获益。     

五台山怎么搞才能“火”起来

众所周知,佛教圣地五台山近年来大刀阔斧,锐意开拓,旅游事业蓬勃发展。无论在基础设施完善方面,还是在旅游管理、接待、服务方面都表明五台山已跨入全国一流风景名胜区的行列,成为誉满三晋乃至神州大地的一颗璀璨明珠。但是,与全国其它兄弟风景名胜区相比,还有很多差距。虽位居佛教四大名山之首,佛教文化却挖掘得不够深广;旅游景点开发利用不够充分,如五个台顶的开发宣传;     

唐前道教仪式史纲(三)

九、刘宋陆修静(406-477)对灵宝科仪的整理和发展南朝刘宋陆修静是一位在多方面做出了贡献的高道,尤以科仪方面的贡献最为卓越,被视为道教史上的“科教三师”之一。陆修静一生撰述的“斋法仪范”据说有“百余卷”4○69,现存于《道藏》的科仪书包括《洞玄灵宝五感文》(DZ1278)、《洞玄灵宝斋说光烛戒罚灯祝愿仪》470○(DZ524)、《太上洞玄灵宝法烛经》471○(DZ349)、《太上洞玄灵宝众简文》(DZ410)、《太上洞玄灵宝授度仪》(DZ528),他书著录者还有《然灯礼祝威仪》47○2、《宿启建斋仪》473○、《升元步虚章》、《灵宝步虚词》、《步虚洞…     

唐前道教仪式史纲(二)

七、东晋末刘宋(420-479)初融摄天师道、佛教和方士传统的灵宝科仪如果说自东晋中叶以来上清经派通过融合南方方士传统与天师道促进了道教科仪的发展,那么东晋末刘宋初古灵宝经的问世则进一步发展了道教科仪。古灵宝经是多种传统的大熔炉。首先,古灵宝经承袭和发展了南方的方士传统,并使方士传统的几大支流得以汇合。其次,古灵宝经还继上清经之后继续援取天师道的东西,使天师道与方士传统得到了更深的融合。再次,古灵宝经又大量吸收佛教的教义和实践,将其与天师道或方士传统嫁接在一起。正因为从多种传统中摄取了营养,所以古灵宝经创立了内…     

知觉负载、注意定势与选择性注意

本研究采用Eriksen Flanker（侧抑制）范式,将当前任务区分为高、低知觉负载两种条件．并系统操纵边缘视野干扰项与中央靶子的不同加工层次关系,从而考察注意选择的知觉负载理论。实验一发现,高知觉负载情况下没有任何flanker冲突效应,而低知觉负载情况下既有知觉层次和反应层次的冲突效应,也有一致条件下的促进效应。实验二增加了一致条件试次的比例,从而操纵自上而下的注意定势,发现高、低知觉负载情况下都存在知觉冲突效应和一致条件下的促进效应。这些发现表明,对任务无关信息的加工既受到任务相关信息的知觉负载和剩余加工资源的分配的影响,也受到自上而下注意定势的影响;自下而上和自上而下过程相互作用,共同决定加工资源的分配和注意选择的认知阶段。     

The effect of visual context on the identification of ambiguous environmental sounds

The influence of the specificity of the visual context on the identification of environmental sounds (i.e., product sounds) was investigated. Two different visual context types (i.e., scene and object contexts)—which varied in the specificity of the semantic information—and a control condition (meaningless images) were employed. A contextual priming paradigm was used. Identification accuracy and response times were determined in two context conditions and one control condition. The results suggest that visual context has a positive effect on sound identification. In addition, two types of product sounds (location-specific and event-specific sounds) were observed which exhibited different sensitivities to scene and object contexts. Furthermore, the results suggest that conceptual interactions exist between an object and a context that do not share the same perceptual domain. Therefore, context should be regarded as a network of conceptually associated items in memory.     

Happiness Revisited: Ontological Well-Being as a Theory-Based Construct of Subjective Well-Being

The current model of subjective well-being (SWB) has been operationalized as the unity of affective and cognitive dimensions concerning the evaluation of one’s life, called emotional well-being and life satisfaction, respectively. There has been no theoretical framework, however, by which the unity is explained. The present paper offers a new construct of subjective well-being in an attempt to show that the cognitive and affective dimensions of SWB can be unified using the concept of goal. The concept of goal refers to the life as a project when the concern is the evaluation of life as a whole. The evaluation of the whole life, moreover, should take a whole-time perspective into account if it is supposed to be ‘whole’. Ontological well-being (OWB) construct is structured in a theoretical framework by which the cognitive and affective components of the current conceptualization of SWB are reframed and interpreted in a whole time perspective. By taking as base the historical and philosophical resources of the affective and cognitive dimensions of subjective well-being, this new construct defines subjective well-being as one’s evaluation of life in both past and future time perspectives in addition to the present.     

Some animal specific fears are more specific than others: Evidence from attention and emotion measures

Using a visual search methodology we investigated the effect of feared animal stimuli on attention. Our results confirmed the important role of emotion on attention. All participants detected fear-relevant stimuli (snakes and spiders) faster than neutral (mushrooms) ones against a background of fruits. In addition, spider fearful participants were sensitized specifically to detect their feared stimulus (spiders), compared to their fear-relevant but non-feared (snakes) and neutral stimuli. However, for participants fearful of snakes there was no significant difference in detection latencies between the feared (snakes) and the fear-relevant but non-feared animal stimuli (spiders). The results from the attention task were mirrored in the emotional ratings, which showed that spider fear was highly specific, whereas snake fear was associated with a more generalized enhanced evaluation of all negative stimuli.     

The dark side of bodybuilding: the role of bodybuilding activities in compensation of frustrated basic psychological needs

The main purpose of the current study was to investigate the explanatory mechanism of the drive for muscularity on the relations between frustrated basic needs and diverse indicators of muscle dysmorphia. To achieve this purpose, in the first place, as a pilot study needed to pursue the hypotheses of the main study, Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale was adapted to Turkish and its psychometric properties were examined. In the main study, data were collected from 245 men with a mean age of 22.73 (SD = 3.86), who were engaged in regular bodybuilding activities. After the adaptation of Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale, the indirect predictive effects of frustrated basic needs on muscle dysmorphia symptoms through the drive for muscularity were examined via two structural equation models. Also, the moderating role of the drive for muscularity in the associations between each of the frustrated needs and muscle dysmorphia symptoms was tested via another structural equation model. Results revealed that (1) both the composite score of frustrated basic needs and frustrated relatedness are indirect predictors of all muscle dysmorphia symptoms through drive for muscularity and (2) drive for muscularity has a moderating role only in the relation between frustrated relatedness and muscle dissatisfaction (i.e., an indicator of muscle dysmorphia). These findings did not only support the assumptions of Self Determination Theory (SDT) indicating the link between frustrated needs and ill-being situations but also provided preliminary evidence for a new direction of SDT studies.

     

小学生快速阅读训练的实验研究

该研究以小学四年级学生为被试,经过对实验班十八周的快速阅读训练,使学生初步掌握快速阅读的技能,探索通过快速阅读训练提高小学生阅读速度和学习成绩的可能性及快速阅读训练对小学生眼动模式的影响。结果发现(1)快速阅读训练可以在一定程度上使小学生提高阅读速度;(2)快速阅读训练可以在一定程度上提高小学生的考试成绩;(3)通过快速阅读训练,可以有效地 减少阅读时间、注视次数和回视次数。