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31.
Marta Bassi Monica Falautano Sabina Cilia Benedetta Goretti Monica Grobberio Marianna Pattini Erika Pietrolongo Rosa Gemma Viterbo Maria Pia Amato Miriam Benin Alessandra Lugaresi Eleonora Minacapelli Enrico Montanari Francesco Patti Maria Trojano Antonella Delle Fave 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2016,23(1):33-52
This study jointly examined illness beliefs held by persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and caregivers in relation to well-being. A group of 68 PwMS and their caregivers completed the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire, Psychological Well-being Scales, Satisfaction with Life Scale and Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule. Findings revealed that PwMS’ well-being was primarily predicted by their own illness beliefs, and that also caregivers’ well-being was primarily predicted by their own beliefs. Across the two groups, well-being was positively associated with their belief that they understood the disease, and inversely associated with their representations of negative emotions. In addition, among PwMS, well-being was inversely associated with the number of symptoms they specifically attributed to their illness, while among caregivers, well-being was positively associated with beliefs that treatment could control the disease. Based on the study findings, psychoeducational and cognitive-behavioral strategies are suggested to promote well-being among PwMS and caregivers. 相似文献
32.
Silvia Cerea Marta Ghisi Gioia Bottesi Teresa Manoli Eleonora Carraro Guy Doron 《Behavior Therapy》2021,52(1):170-182
Body dissatisfaction is prevalent in young women, and is associated with symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and eating disorders (EDs). The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of a mobile application, based on cognitive behavioral principles, in reducing body dissatisfaction and BDD/ED symptoms in female university students considered at high-risk of developing body image disorders (BIDs). Fifty university students at high-risk of developing BIDs (using self-report questionnaires assessing BIDs and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Clinical Version) were randomized in two groups: immediate-use App group (iApp group; n = 25) and delayed-use App group (dApp group; n = 25). The iApp group started using the app at baseline for 16 days (T0 to T1). The dApp group waited for 16 days before starting to use the app (T1 to T2). Participants completed questionnaires at baseline (T0), 16 days from baseline (T1), and 32 days from baseline (T2). Repeated measure Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs) showed a Group (iApp vs. dApp) × Time (T0 vs. T1) interaction on BDD symptoms indicating medium effect size (partial eta squared) reductions in the iApp group compared to dApp group at T1; post-intervention means for BDD symptoms were under the cut-off for extreme body dissatisfaction/BDD symptoms in both groups. Pertaining to ED symptoms, no significant Group × Time interaction was detected. Training 3 minutes a day for 16 days with a CBT-based mobile application may lead to reductions in some forms of body dissatisfaction, including BDD symptoms in female university students at high-risk of developing BIDs. On the other hand, effects of the intervention on ED symptoms seem more limited. 相似文献
33.
Roma Paolo Marchetti Daniela Mazza Cristina Ricci Eleonora Fontanesi Lilybeth Verrocchio Maria Cristina 《Journal of child and family studies》2022,31(5):1196-1206
Journal of Child and Family Studies - The present study aimed at understanding the personality features of mothers and fathers engaged in parental alienation—a family dynamic in which one... 相似文献
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The authors examined children's (N = 431, aged 7 years to 10 years 9 months) understanding of and reasons for dieting, to validate recent research indicating that perceived body-image dissatisfaction and restrictive eating behaviors occur in preadolescent populations. Scores on 2 sentence-completion tasks confirmed that the children do have a clear understanding of what dieting means in terms of intent and behavior (defined, in this study, as intentional restrictive eating behaviors). The results indicated that children as young as 7 years of age report dissatisfaction with their current body size and deliberately engage in restrictive eating behaviors. These findings provide validation of previous research and emphasize children's capacity to engage in deleterious health behaviors. Given that extreme dieting behaviors are harmful to a child's physical and psychological well-being, the authors concluded that research exploring (a) the genesis of these attitudes and behaviors and (b) their continuity or discontinuity across childhood is required. 相似文献
36.
This article reports the findings of a normative fear investigation involving a sample of 918 Australian children and adolescents, ranging in age from 718 years. The Fear Survey Schedule for Children and Adolescents-II (FSSC-II) was administered to determine self-reported prevalence, intensity, and content of fear. Consistent with past research, girls generally reported significantly higher levels of fearfulness than boys. Age differences also were found; younger children reported a higher intensity and a greater number of fears than older children and adolescents. Qualitative differences in normative fear were found, with younger children reporting more animal fears and older children reporting more fears relating to social evaluation or psychic stress. Significantly, although the specific content of children's and adolescents' normative fears in the 1990s (as compared with the 1960s) has changed (now including fear of AIDS and of nuclear war), the fears found to be most prevalent continue to relate to death and danger. These findings are discussed within the context of the prepotency and preparedness concepts of fear. 相似文献
37.
Catricalà E Rosa PA Ortelli P Ginex V Marcone A Perani D Cappa SF 《Behavioural neurology》2011,24(3):229-236
Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is an uncommon presentation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterised by prevalent anatomo-functional involvement of posterior cortical areas. Accordingly, the main clinical features at onset are disorders of high-order visual processing, such as alexia and impairments of visuo-spatial and visuo-constructional abilities. The clinical features in the early stages of disease are variable, and they have been suggested to stem from prevalent ventral or dorsal brain pathology, and/or asymmetric hemispheric involvement. With disease progression, these differences tend to blur with the increasing severity of neuropsychological dysfunction. We report two PCA patients showing different patterns of reading impairment (respectively, letter-by-letter reading and neglect dyslexia). A follow-up study suggested that the qualitative features of alexia remain distinctive with disease evolution. In addition, single photon emission tomography (SPECT) studies revealed different patterns of hypoperfusion, consistent with the alexia types. A careful reading assessment can provide important insights to the pattern of progression of the disease in patients with PCA up to the late stages of the pathology. 相似文献
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Eleonora Cresto 《Synthese》2010,177(1):41-66
I develop a strategy for representing epistemic states and epistemic changes that seeks to be sensitive to the difference
between voluntary and involuntary aspects of our epistemic life, as well as to the role of pragmatic factors in epistemology.
The model relies on a particular understanding of the distinction between full belief and acceptance, which makes room for the idea that our reasoning on both practical and theoretical matters typically proceeds in a contextual
way. Within this framework, I discuss how agents can rationally shift their credal probability functions so as to consciously
modify some of their contextual acceptances; the present account also allows us to represent how the very set of contexts
evolves. Voluntary credal shifts, in turn, might provoke changes in the agent’s beliefs, but I show that this is actually
a side effect of performing multiple adjustments in the total lot of the agent’s acceptance sets. In this way we obtain a
model that preserves many pre-theoretical intuitions about what counts as adequate rationality constraints on our actual practices—and
hence about what counts as an adequate, normative epistemological perspective. 相似文献
39.
Anaïs Racca Eleonora Amadei Séverine Ligout Kun Guo Kerstin Meints Daniel Mills 《Animal cognition》2010,13(3):525-533
Although domestic dogs can respond to many facial cues displayed by other dogs and humans, it remains unclear whether they
can differentiate individual dogs or humans based on facial cues alone and, if so, whether they would demonstrate the face
inversion effect, a behavioural hallmark commonly used in primates to differentiate face processing from object processing.
In this study, we first established the applicability of the visual paired comparison (VPC or preferential looking) procedure
for dogs using a simple object discrimination task with 2D pictures. The animals demonstrated a clear looking preference for
novel objects when simultaneously presented with prior-exposed familiar objects. We then adopted this VPC procedure to assess
their face discrimination and inversion responses. Dogs showed a deviation from random behaviour, indicating discrimination
capability when inspecting upright dog faces, human faces and object images; but the pattern of viewing preference was dependent
upon image category. They directed longer viewing time at novel (vs. familiar) human faces and objects, but not at dog faces,
instead, a longer viewing time at familiar (vs. novel) dog faces was observed. No significant looking preference was detected
for inverted images regardless of image category. Our results indicate that domestic dogs can use facial cues alone to differentiate
individual dogs and humans and that they exhibit a non-specific inversion response. In addition, the discrimination response
by dogs of human and dog faces appears to differ with the type of face involved. 相似文献
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Eleonora Gullone Ph.D. Thomas H. Ollendick Ph.D. Neville J. King Ph.D. 《Journal of child and family studies》2006,15(3):263-277
We investigated the relationships among attachment representation, social withdrawal, and depressive symptomatology in childhood. A total of 326 children aged 8 to 10 years participated in the study. Children completed a family drawing procedure to assess attachment representation, the Children's Depression Inventory and the Social Withdrawal subscale of the Personality Inventory for Youth. Social withdrawal and attachment representations indicative of attachment dysfunction were each found to be positively correlated with depressive symptomatology. Further, attachment representation was found to significantly moderate the relationship between withdrawal and depression such that the positive relationship between withdrawal and depression was attenuated in the absence of attachment representations indicative of attachment dysfunction. 相似文献