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491.
Molinari E 《The Psychoanalytic quarterly》2011,80(4):857-878
In the course of an analysis, the analytic relationship can go through moments of difficulty generated by patient and analyst while they learn to "play" together. In this paper, different kinds of difficult relational moments are illustrated through fragments of a child analysis, and some components are explored that can catalyze the creative transformation of turbulence and the resumption of analytic "play." In particular, the author hypothesizes that some conscious feelings described by Winnicott as characterizing play, understood as the optimal functioning of the analytic process, can be indicators of the efficiency of--or, conversely, of difficulties in--the unconscious oneiric work carried out by the couple. These indicators may be useful in monitoring the process not so much in the immediate moment, but rather over a medium to long period. Considering these indicators can initiate the revival of a playful equilibrium in the bi-personal system on which play and the analytic field are based. 相似文献
492.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate a conceptual model that assesses whether praying to the saints or the Virgin is associated with the health of older Mexican Americans. A survey was conducted of 1,005 older Mexican Americans (Mean age = 73.9 years; SD = 6.6 years). Data from 795 of the Catholic respondents are presented in this study. The findings support the following relationships that are embedded in the conceptual model: (1) older Mexican Americans who attend church more often are more likely to believe in the efficacy of prayer to the saints or the Virgin; (2) stronger beliefs in the efficacy of intercessory prayer are associated with more frequent prayer to the saints or the Virgin; (3) frequent prayer is to the saints or the Virgin is associated with greater God-mediated control beliefs; (4) stronger God-mediated control beliefs are associated with greater optimism; and (5) greater optimism is associated with better self-rated health. 相似文献
493.
The present study used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to investigate the factor structure of an Italian version of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) with a sample of 598 adolescent girls. Results of EFA indicated a four-factor structure: Information, Pressures, Internalization-General, and Internalization-Athlete. Factor loadings confirmed the original structure of the scale, except for one item. As expected, the four factors appeared to be slightly correlated. Cronbach's alphas for the four subscales were uniformly high: Information = .91, Pressures = .91, Internalization-General = .94, Internalization-Athlete = .84. Convergent validity of this Italian version of the SATAQ-3 was found to be good. SATAQ-3 seems useful to measure different aspects of societal influences on body image in Italian contexts. Future studies could subject SATAQ-3 to a confirmatory factor analysis in order to confirm the adequate fit of the model according to conventional criteria. 相似文献
494.
Caroline F. Rowland Franklin Chang Ben Ambridge Julian M. Pine Elena V.M. Lieven 《Cognition》2012,125(1):49-63
Structural priming paradigms have been influential in shaping theories of adult sentence processing and theories of syntactic development. However, until recently there have been few attempts to provide an integrated account that explains both adult and developmental data. The aim of the present paper was to begin the process of integration by taking a developmental approach to structural priming. Using a dialog comprehension-to-production paradigm, we primed participants (3–4 year olds, 5–6 year olds and adults) with double object datives (Wendy gave Bob a dog) and prepositional datives (Wendy gave a dog to Bob). Half the participants heard the same verb in prime and target (e.g. gave–gave) and half heard a different verb (e.g. sent–gave). The results revealed substantial differences in the magnitude of priming across development. First, there was a small but significant abstract structural priming effect across all age groups, but this effect was larger in younger children than in older children and adults. Second, adding verb overlap between prime and target prompted a large, significant increase in the priming effect in adults (a lexical boost), a small, marginally significant increase in the older children and no increase in the youngest children. The results support the idea that abstract syntactic knowledge can develop independently of verb-specific frames. They also support the idea that different mechanisms may be needed to explain abstract structural priming and lexical priming, as predicted by the implicit learning account (Bock, K., & Griffin, Z. M. (2000). The persistence of structural priming: Transient activation or implicit learning? Journal of Experimental Psychology – General, 129(2), 177–192). Finally, the results illustrate the value of an integrative developmental approach to both theories of adult sentence processing and theories of syntax acquisition. 相似文献
495.
496.
Lam SF Jimerson S Kikas E Cefai C Veiga FH Nelson B Hatzichristou C Polychroni F Basnett J Duck R Farrell P Liu Y Negovan V Shin H Stanculescu E Wong BP Yang H Zollneritsch J 《Journal of School Psychology》2012,50(1):77-94
This study examined gender differences in student engagement and academic performance in school. Participants included 3420 students (7th, 8th, and 9th graders) from Austria, Canada, China, Cyprus, Estonia, Greece, Malta, Portugal, Romania, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The results indicated that, compared to boys, girls reported higher levels of engagement in school and were rated higher by their teachers in academic performance. Student engagement accounted for gender differences in academic performance, but gender did not moderate the associations among student engagement, academic performance, or contextual supports. Analysis of multiple-group structural equation modeling revealed that perceptions of teacher support and parent support, but not peer support, were related indirectly to academic performance through student engagement. This partial mediation model was invariant across gender. The findings from this study enhance the understanding about the contextual and personal factors associated with girls' and boys' academic performance around the world. 相似文献
497.
Schnall E Kalkstein S Fitchett G Salmoirago-Blotcher E Ockene J Tindle HA Thomas A Hunt JR Wassertheil-Smoller S 《Journal of religion and health》2012,51(1):20-31
Measures of religiosity are linked to health outcomes, possibly indicating mediating effects of associated psychological and
social factors. We examined cross-sectional data from 92,539 postmenopausal participants of the Women’s Health Initiative
Observational Study who responded to questions on religious service attendance, psychological characteristics, and social
support domains. We present odds ratios from multiple logistic regressions controlling for covariates. Women attending services
weekly during the past month, compared with those not attending at all in the past month, were less likely to be depressed
[OR = 0.78; CI = 0.74–0.83] or characterized by cynical hostility [OR = 0.94; CI = 0.90–0.98], and more likely to be optimistic
[OR = 1.22; CI = 1.17–1.26]. They were also more likely to report overall positive social support [OR = 1.28; CI = 1.24–1.33],
as well as social support of four subtypes (emotional/informational support, affection support, tangible support, and positive
social interaction), and were less likely to report social strain [OR = 0.91; CI = 0.88–0.94]. However, those attending more
or less than weekly were not less likely to be characterized by cynical hostility, nor were they less likely to report social
strain, compared to those not attending during the past month. 相似文献
498.
Language and math are intertwined during children's learning of arithmetic concepts, but the importance of language in adult arithmetic processing is less clear. To determine whether early learning plays a critical role in the math-language connection in adults, we tested retrieval of simple multiplication in adult bilinguals who learned arithmetic in only one language. We measured electrophysiological and behavioral responses during correctness judgments for problems presented as digits or as number words in Spanish or English. Problems presented in the language in which participants learned arithmetic elicited larger, more graded, and qualitatively different brain responses than did problems presented in participants' other language, and these responses more closely resembled responses for digits, even when participants' other language was more dominant. These findings suggest that the memory networks for simple multiplication are established when arithmetic concepts are first learned and are independent of language dominance in adulthood. 相似文献
499.
Elena Neiterman Ivy Lynn Bourgeault 《Journal of International Migration and Integration》2012,13(1):39-57
This paper applies the concept of diaspora to the analysis of the creation and maintenance of an ethnically diverse community of internationally educated medical graduates residing in Canada. Traditionally, the research on diaspora concerns ethnic communities that preserve their homeland ties while residing in foreign countries. We suggest, however, that ethnic roots are not imperative for the analysis of diasporic communities when other forms of shared values and meanings can become a basis for creation of collective identity. Reconfiguring both the homeland and host country as places of geographical and professional belonging provides opportunity to conceptualize an ethnically diverse group of immigrant physicians residing in Canada as professional diaspora. Probing the interviews with 67 international medical graduates living in Canada, we demonstrate (1) how they create medical diaspora, (2) what myths and sensitivities they share in constructing their professional and/or geographic homelands, and (3) the relationship they develop with their hosting society. We suggest that in spite of the increasing mobility of internationally educated health care providers, the analysis of professional diasporas could become a useful tool for analyzing complex relationships between home countries, hosting countries, and international travelers. 相似文献
500.
The classical computational conception of meaning has been challenged by the idea that symbols must be grounded on sensorimotor
processes. A difficult question arises from the fact that grounding representations cannot be symbolic themselves but, in
order to support compositionality, should work as primitives. This implies that they should be precisely identifiable and
strictly connected with discriminable perceptual features. Ideally, each representation should correspond to a single discriminable
feature. The present study was aimed at exploring whether feature discrimination is a fundamental requisite for grounding
compositional symbols. We studied this problem by using Integral stimuli, composed of two interacting and not separable features.
Such stimuli were selected in Experiment 1 as pictures whose component features are easily or barely discriminable (Separable
or Integral) on the basis of psychological distance metrics (City-block or Euclidean) computed from similarity judgments.
In Experiment 2, either each feature was associated with one word of a two-word expression, or the whole stimulus with a single
word. In Experiment 3, the procedure was reversed and words or expressions were associated with whole pictures or separate
features. Results support the hypothesis that single words are best grounded by Integral stimuli and composite expressions
by Separable stimuli, where a strict association of single words with discriminated features is possible. 相似文献