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201.
Langfelder-Schwind E Kloza E Sugarman E Pettersen B Brown T Jensen K Marcus S Redman J;National Society of Genetic Counselors Subcommittee on Cystic Fibrosis Carrier Testing 《Journal of genetic counseling》2005,14(1):1-15
For over a decade, prenatal screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) has been considered a model for the integration of genetic testing into routine medical practice. Data from pilot studies and public policy discourse have led to recommendations by some professional organizations that CF screening should be offered or made available to pregnant women and their partners, and to couples planning a pregnancy. It is crucial that genetic counselors gain thorough understanding of the complexities of CF and the implications of positive test results, so that they may serve as a reliable, educated referral base and resource for health care providers and their patients. While not all pregnant women will be referred for genetic counseling prior to CF carrier testing, genetic counselors often will be asked to counsel clients after they have a positive test result, or who are found to be at increased risk. Genetic counselors can play an important role in providing accurate and current information as well as support for patients informed decisions. These recommendations were created by a multicenter working group of genetic counselors with expertise in CF and are based on personal clinical experience, review of pertinent English language medical articles, and reports of expert committees. The recommendations should not be construed as dictating an exclusive course of management, nor does the use of such recommendations guarantee a particular outcome. These recommendations do not displace a health care providers professional judgment based on the clinical circumstances of a particular client. 相似文献
202.
The present study contributes to the ongoing debate over the extent to which attentive resources are required for emotion
perception. Although fearful facial expressions are strong competitors for attention, we predict that the magnitude of this
effect may be modulated by anxiety. To test this hypothesis, healthy volunteers who varied in their self-reported levels of
trait and state anxiety underwent an attentional blink task. Both fearful and happy facial expressions were subject to a strong
attentional blink effect for low-anxious individuals. For those reporting high anxiety, a blink occurred for both fearful
and happy facial expressions, but the magnitude of the attentional blink was significantly reduced for the fearful expressions.
This supports the proposals that emotion perception is not fully automatic and that anxiety is related to a reduced ability
to inhibit the processing of threat-related stimuli. Thus, individual differences in self-reported anxiety are an important
determinant of the attentional control of emotional processing. 相似文献
203.
Ray RD Ochsner KN Cooper JC Robertson ER Gabrieli JD Gross JJ 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2005,5(2):156-168
Cognitive reappraisal can alter emotional responses by changing one’s interpretation of a situation’s meaning. Functional
neuroimaging has revealed that using cognitive reappraisal to increase or decrease affective responses involves left prefrontal
activation and goal-appropriate increases or decreases in amygdala activation (Ochsner, Bunge, Gross, & Gabrieli, 2002; Ochsner,
Ray, et al., 2004). The present study was designed to examine whether patterns of brain activation during reappraisal vary
in relation to individual differences in trait rumination, which is the tendency to focus on negative aspects of one’s self
or negative interpretations of one’s life. Individual differences in rumination correlated with increases in amygdala response
when participants were increasing negative affect and with greater decreases in prefrontal regions implicated in self-focused
thought when participants were decreasing negative affect. Thus, the propensity to ruminate may reflect altered recruitment
of mechanisms that potentiate negative affect. These findings clarify relations between rumination and emotion regulation
processes and may have important implications for mood and anxiety disorders. 相似文献
204.
Christopher P. Scheitle Jacqui Frost Elaine Howard Ecklund 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2023,62(4):845-868
Research finds that experiences of religious discrimination are often associated with poorer health outcomes. However, there remain important questions to consider gaps, including whether religious discrimination has similar health impacts on religious minority groups and religious majority groups, whether religious discrimination is equally harmful for both mental and physical health, and whether specific types of discrimination have different impacts on health. Using survey data from a probability sample of U.S. adults and measures representing a variety of discrimination experience types, our analyses suggest that religious discrimination is indeed harmful for health, but that experiences of religious discrimination do not universally affect mental and physical health in the same ways. Rather than significant differences in the health impacts of religious discrimination across different religious groups, we find more variation in the health impacts of different types of experiences with discrimination. Further, we find that mental health is negatively impacted by a wider range of experiences with religious discrimination than physical health. These findings are in line with social psychological research on the differential health impacts of discrimination, and they highlight the importance of context in studies of the health effects of religious discrimination. 相似文献
205.
Daniel Kempler Amit Almor Lorraine K. Tyler Elaine S. Andersen Maryellen C. MacDonald 《Brain and language》1998,64(3):297
Two studies explored whether sentence comprehension impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are due to deficits in syntactic processing or memory. Study 1 used a picture-pointing sentence comprehension task to measure the final outcome of comprehension in an off-line fashion. It showed the comprehension of 30 patients with AD to be impaired, but suggested that the deficits could not be attributed solely to syntactic impairments. Study 2 investigated the effects of memory on sentence comprehension by comparing off-line (grammaticality judgment) with on-line (cross-modal naming) language processing in 11 AD and 9 control subjects. The results revealed impaired performance in the off-line task but normal performance in the on-line task using the same sentences. Performance on the off-line task correlated with independent measures of verbal working memory. These data are used to argue that sentence comprehension impairments are related to verbal working memory deficits in AD. 相似文献
206.
207.
Elaine Fox 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1998,60(6):1004-1021
The present study demonstrates that incongruent distractor letters at a constant distance from a target letter produce more response competition and negative priming when they share a target’s color than when they have a different color. Moreover, perceptual grouping by means of color, attenuated the effects of spatial proximity. For example, when all items were presented in the same color, near distractors produced more response competition and negative priming than far distractors (Experiment 3A). However, when near distractors were presented in a different color and far distractors were presented in the same color as the target, the response competition × distractor proximity interaction was eliminated and the proximity × negative priming interaction was reversed (Experiment 3B). A final experiment demonstrated that distractors appearing on the same object as a selected target produced comparable amounts of response competition and negative priming whether they were near or far from the target. This suggests that the inhibitory mechanisms of visual attention can be directed to perceptual groups/objects in the environment and not only to unsegmented regions of visual space. 相似文献
208.
Nichols J. Randall Ramshaw Elaine J. Lester Andrew D. Graham Larry Kent Bohler Carolyn Stahl Albers Robert H. 《Pastoral Psychology》1998,46(5):373-390
Pastoral Psychology - 相似文献
209.
EMOTIONAL CONTAGION Gender and Occupational Differences 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
R. William Doherty Lisa Orimoto Theodore M. Singelis Elaine Hatfield Janine Hebb 《Psychology of women quarterly》1995,19(3):355-371
Theorists have proposed that men and women and those in various occupational groups should differ in their susceptibility to primitive emotional contagion. Study 1 was designed to explore the extent to which gender and occupation affected respondents' self-reports of emotional contagion, as measured by the Emotional Contagion (EC) scale. As predicted, women in a variety of occupations secured higher total EC scores than did men. Study 2 was designed to determine the extent to which gender affected self-reports of emotional contagion (again as measured by the EC scale) and actual responsiveness to others' emotions. As predicted, women received higher EC scores, reported sharing the targets' emotions to a greater extent, and were rated by judges as displaying more emotional contagion than did men. 相似文献
210.