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181.
182.
Michael Pfau Joshua Compton Kimberly A. Parker Elaine M. Wittenberg Chasu An Monica Ferguson Heather Horton Yuri Malyshev 《人类交流研究》2004,30(3):329-360
This investigation compared the traditional explanation for the way inoculation confers resistance to influence with an alternative rationale for resistance based on attitude accessibility. Four hundred forty‐three participants took part in the investigation in four phases spanning 54 days. The combined multiple regression and structural equation modeling results suggest that the traditional and alternative explanations for the way that inoculation confers resistance involve separate processes; counterarguing and accessibility appear to be distinct tracks en route to resistance, but the two explanations also are overlapping processes in which elicited threat plays an integral role. 相似文献
183.
This study examined differences on the Racial Identity Attitude Scale (RIAS; Helms & Parham, 1985) and the Problem Solving Inventory (PSI; Heppner, 1981, 1988) among 34 African and 48 African American graduate students. Significant differences were found on the preencounter and internalization scales of the RIAS. There were no group differences in coping ability as measured by the PSI. In addition, the African group experienced an acculturation effect as time in the United States was extended beyond 3 years. These differences in racial identity states have implications for cross-cultural counseling. 相似文献
184.
A fundamental function of the therapeutic frame is protection of the therapeutic process from the intrusion of elements antithetical to the best interest of the client and detrimental to treatment outcome. It is argued that dogmatic interpretation of the frame promotes conformity rather than growth in the client, blinds the therapist to legitimate issues of client diversity, and constricts the therapist's ability to be appropriately responsive to the client. It is suggested that while the frame is essential to maintain the focus of treatment on the welfare of the client, inflexible adherence undermines this purpose. 相似文献
185.
Frederick T. L. Leong Gregory Schneller 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》1997,25(1):68-78
The purpose of this study was to investigate the stereotypical attitudes of college students toward a variety of social situations involving Asian Americans. The authors were also interested in the effects of differential labeling of Asian Americans on the attitudes held toward them (i.e., “Asian” versus “Oriental”). 相似文献
186.
Exploring self-forgiveness 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lin Bauer Jack Duffy Elizabeth Fountain Steen Halling Ph.D. Maria Holzer Elaine Jones Michael Leifer Jan O. Rowe Ph.D. 《Journal of religion and health》1992,31(2):149-160
This article presents the results of a phenomenological study of the experience of self-forgiveness. On the basis of in-depth interviews with seven subjects, self-forgiveness is described not as an achievement but rather as a gift where one moves from estrangement and brokenness to a sense of at-homeness.This article is based in part on a paper presented at the Eighth International Human Science Research Conference at the University of Aarhus, Denmark, in August 1989. The authors thank their colleagues Carolyn Grissom and Jodi Kelly for their helpful suggestions. 相似文献
187.
Elaine M. Heiby 《Behaviour research and therapy》1982,20(4):397-401
The hypothesis that the tendency to engage in self-reinforcement behavior is measurable by a 30-item true-false questionnaire is supported using self-monitoring as the validity criterion. The use of the self-reinforcement questionnaire has been supported previously by correlating questionnaire scores with frequency of self-reinforcement during simple experimental tasks. In the present study, 53 undergraduates monitored self-reinforcement behavior for 28 days and frequency of self-reinforcement correlated significantly with questionnaire scores as well as experimenter ratings of the tendency to engage in self-reinforcement. The results suggest that the questionnaire is a promising tool for the measurement of self-reinforcement in meaningful settings. The need for further validational evidence is noted and the potential usefulness of the questionnaire in testing hypotheses regarding the relation between self-reinforcement and depression is discussed. 相似文献
188.
Norman W. Bray Elaine M. Justice David N. Zahm 《Journal of experimental child psychology》1983,36(1):43-55
Two experiments were reported investigating developmental changes in the use of strategies to eliminate interference from irrelevant information in memory. The participants in the first were 7-, 9-, and 11-year-old children and those in the second were adults. In both experiments a directed forgetting paradigm was used in which the person was presented two sets of pictures but only recalled one set on a trial. On some trials there was a cue to forget the first set and to remember only the second set. There were two developmental transitions. The first was from ineffective to effective selective remembering which occurred between 7 and 11 years of age. The second, which occurred between 11 years of age and adulthood, was from the use of selective retrieval strategy to a more sophisticated rehearsal strategy. The implications of these two developmental transitions were discussed. 相似文献
189.
One hundred and sixteen undergraduates were randomly assigned to same-sex and mixed-sex dyads. They interacted face-to-face in four different role-playing situations, half of which were female linked and half male linked. These situations were structured to give the participants mixed motives toward each other. Results indicate that sex composition and sex appropriateness of the situations affected the style of interaction more than cooperation. In both the same- and mixed-sex dyads, division of task and maintenance between group members occurred. In mixed-sex dyads, males were task oriented, and females maintenance oriented; presumably, sexual identity was used to make this division. In the same-sex dyads, the distribution of task and maintenance behaviors was worked out in the interaction. Participants rated themselves more knowledgable and were more competitive in female-linked situations than in male-linked ones. Under the conditions of the experiment, sex of the participant and sex composition of the dyad were not found to affect cooperation. 相似文献
190.
H. Elaine Rodney H. Richard Tachia Laxley W. Rodney 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1999,18(3):301-309
The study examined the relationship between impulse control and violence in terms of past feelings and acts among African
American males enrolled in Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Data were gathered from a sample of 1,874 male undergraduates
in eleven colleges and universities with predominantly African-American students. Less than six percent were classified as
impulsive, and even less than half of the impulsive males had past feelings and acts of violence. The study offers strategies
for impulse control which may help to further minimize incidents of violence on the college campus. 相似文献