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481.
Adolescents (N = 46; M = 12.46 years) who had previously participated in a longitudinal study of autobiographical memory development narrated their early childhood memories, interpreted life events, and completed a family history questionnaire and language assessment. Three distinct components of adolescent memory emerged: (1) age of earliest memory and insight into life events; (2) volume of early memories; and (3) density of specific memories from early childhood. Children's language, self-awareness, and theory of mind during early childhood (19–51 months) all contributed to their memories as adolescents. However, adolescents’ early reminiscing environment was the best single predictor of the age and volume of their early memories and their insight into life events. In contrast, adolescents’ delayed self-recognition and reminiscing in early childhood predicted the density of their early memories. These findings provide partial support for theories of autobiographical memory development. 相似文献
482.
Kimberly E. Hoagwood Mary A. Cavaleri S. Serene Olin Barbara J. Burns Elaine Slaton Darcy Gruttadaro Ruth Hughes 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2010,13(1):1-45
A comprehensive review of structured family support programs in children’s mental health was conducted in collaboration with
leadership from key national family organizations. The goals were to identify typologies of family support services for which
evaluation data existed and identify research gaps. Over 200 programs were examined; 50 met criteria for inclusion. Programs
were categorized by whether they were delivered by peer family members, clinicians, or teams. Five salient components of family
support were identified: (a) informational, (b) instructional, (c) emotional, (d) instrumental, and (e) advocacy. Clinician-led
programs were heavily represented (n = 33, 66%), followed by family-led (n = 11, 22%), and team-delivered (n = 6, 12%) programs. Key differences between programs delivered by clinicians or by peer family members were found in the
degree of emphasis, research methodology, and outcomes. However, the content of the components was similar across all three
program types. There are both important differences in emphasis across typologies of family support provided by clinicians,
family members, or teams as well as important similarities in content. Family-delivered support may be an important adjunct
to existing services for parents, although the research base remains thin. A research agenda to promote more rigorous evaluations
of these services especially those delivered by peer family members is critical. 相似文献
483.
The American Journal of Psychoanalysis - 相似文献
484.
Elaine Hogard 《Journal of Beliefs & Values》2004,25(3):283-294
A group of experienced and well‐qualified nun educators were interviewed regarding their experiences and values. A recurrent phrase occurring in the interviews was ‘Doing the best you can’. This phrase served to both justify and anticipate statements. A questionnaire was constructed to encourage elaboration of the phrase and to detect differentiated responses regarding self and pupil. The questionnaire was administered to a larger group including the original participants. Their responses to the questionnaire yielded eight underlying values. The values were employed somewhat differently with regard to self and pupils. The values were consistent with the core values of the order. The values did not relate particularly to putative female organizational values. The mixed method employed facilitates an in‐depth analysis of discourse to elicit values and other underlying constructs. 相似文献
485.
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487.
Clinical observations suggest that adolescents commonly and naively use acetaminophen in suicide attempts even when they do not wish to die. It is estimated that 18 500-mg acetaminophen tablets can lead to hepatotoxicity, while death is usually associated with ingestion of 50 or more tablets. A sample comprising 569 adolescent students completed an author-designed survey assessing teenagers' knowledge of acetaminophen's therapeutic and harmful effects. The findings support our original data that adolescents have ready access to acetaminophen and use it in suicide attempts, but underestimate its potential for toxicity. Forty-two percent of this sample underestimated the dose to cause harm, believing it would require 20 or more tablets, and 50% underestimated the dose to cause death, stating 100 or more pills would be necessary. Adolescents appear to seriously underestimate the dangerousness of acetaminophen in overdose, and lack knowledge regarding side effects of overdose. 相似文献
488.
Elaine Fox 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》1995,48(1):26-40
Research on visual selective attention has shown that processing of distractors can produce (1) interference with response to a concurrent target, and (2) negative priming of response to a subsequent target. These results support late-selection accounts of attention. However, recent findings demonstrate that when conditions are optimal for attentional focusing, the interference effects are almost entirely eliminated. This result has been interpreted as supporting early-selection accounts. The present study investigates the impact of focusing attention on negative priming in addition to interference effects. In a letter-identification task, reliable interference and negative priming effects were observed from distractors. However, when the location of the target in the prime display was pre-cued, interference effects were significantly reduced, but negative priming effects did not decrease. This pattern of results provides further evidence that the absence of interference is insufficient to determine whether distractors have been semantically processed (Driver & Tipper, 1989). 相似文献
489.
The present study evaluated the status of mood congruent memory bias in implicit memory tasks for threat related information. A literature review complemented by three experiments on high and low trait anxiety participants found no implicit memory bias for threat-related information in anxious individuals on either word fragment completion or tachistoscopic word identification tasks. The theoretical implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
490.