条件推理中的二元效应初探

通过预备实验选取前件(或后件)是二元(或多元)的5种条件命题的4种推理形式作为实验材料,以大学本科生为被试,考察了五种不同条件命题类型对4种推理结果的影响.结果表明命题类型、推理规则以及两者的交互作用都非常显著.这个结果进一步验证了条件推理的集合映射模型.     

Ethnocentrism and Sexism: How Stereotypes Legitimize Six Types of Power

We review evidence of inequality associated with gender and social categories like ethnicity with respect to six types of power: control of resources, force, legitimacy, obligations, knowledge, and sexuality. Presuming that stereotypes are one means of legitimizing power differentials between groups, we review research on stereotype contents for both ethnicity and gender with respect to the six forms of power. The review reveals a number of rhetorical means by which stereotypes legitimize ethnic dominants and men having particular forms of power, such as disguising the exercise of power by describing it in individualistic rather than relational terms, and also how stereotypes de‐legitimize women and ethnic subordinates from obtaining particular forms of power, such as by stating that what they desire and their virtues preclude exercising power. A new research agenda regarding stereotypes and how they legitimize group power differences is outlined.     

Evaluation of an efficient method for training staff to implement stimulus preference assessments

We used a brief training procedure that incorporated feedback and role-play practice to train staff members to conduct stimulus preference assessments, and we used group-comparison methods to evaluate the effects of training. Staff members were trained to implement the multiple-stimulus-without-replacement assessment in a single session and the paired-stimulus method in another single session. In all 16 cases (2 assessments for 8 trainees), correct responding increased to over 80% accuracy; in 14 of those 16 cases, it increased to over 90% accuracy. Thus, training produced mastery-level performance in a single training session in almost all cases.     

生命伦理学研究的当代视阈与方法

生命伦理学的当代研究,应该在原有成就基础上,突破唯人本中心论的生物医学伦理学模式,追求对包括生物医学伦理学在内的世界生命伦理学、地球生命伦理学的构建,使生命伦理学成为引导当代人类走向未来、健康生存的真正桥梁.因而,生命伦理学的当代研究,首先须重新认识生命,理解生命,打通人类生命与世界生命、个体生命与整体生命之间的血缘通道,弘扬生命的亲生命本性.唯有如此,才能真正打开以自然宇宙、历史演化、人类存在为三维向度的生命伦理认知视阈,探索构建生态化综合的生命伦理研究方法.     

工作记忆对类比推理的影响

该实验采用2(类比推理类型)×6(组别)双因素实验设计来探讨工作记忆与类比推理之间的关系,尤其关注工作记忆的各个子成分对类比推理的影响。控制组的被试只需完成类比推理测验,而实验组的被试是在双任务的条件下进行实验。结果表明,工作记忆是影响类比推理的一个重要因素。在图形类比推理中,主要有视空间模板中的空间成分,语音回路中的发音成分以及中央执行器的参与;在言语类比推理中,则是视空间模板中的空间成分起主要作用。     

网络宗教兴起的社会机制探索

本文对于网络宗教兴起的社会机制进行探索。认为在网络技术范式的结构性动力和宗教本身的保守性力量的相互作用下,传统宗教经过一个改造和传播的过程,适应了网络化逻辑的要求,为人们所认知和接受后,人们会积极地参与到网络宗教事务的建构过程中来,最终会在网络空间中生成一种新的宗教范式,即网络宗教。     

迷信误了孩子的前程

人类社会发展到了21世纪的今天,沿袭了几千年的封建迷信思想应该说已经到了穷途末路,但仍然有一些父母荒唐愚昧地把孩子成才的希望寄托在封建迷信上,致使正处于世界观、人生观形成时期的孩子们,心灵不知不觉地被蒙上了一层阴影。学习成绩好全靠老坟保徐兵是某重点中学的学生,他读小学时开始一     

Effects of Word Semantic Transparency,Context Length,and L1 Background on CSL Learners’ Incidental Learning of Word Meanings in Passage-Level Reading

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research - This study investigated the effects of semantic transparency of Chinese disyllabic compound words on Chinese as a second language (CSL) learners’...     

Use of Objectification Theory to Examine the Effects of a Media Literacy Intervention on Women

Although the impact of the media’s thin ideal on body image may be lessened by media literacy, empirical support for this is inconsistent. Objectification theory, which suggests that certain social situations serve to increase women’s self-objectification (i.e., viewing self from a third person perspective), was used as a framework to understand this inconsistency. In particular, it was hypothesized that media literacy may involve both negative (heightened self-objectification) and positive (well-being) effects. We used both qualitative and quantitative measures, and two studies showed that viewing the video Slim Hopes increased state self-objectification, as well as self-esteem and positive affect. Implications for effective media literacy and self-objectification are discussed.