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931.
A number of studies in the United States have found that Jews obtain higher average IQs than white gentiles. This paper examines whether this is also the case in Britain. Three early studies are summarized that found that Jews in Britain have mean IQs in the range of 110–113. New data are presented for two nationally representative samples of 7–16 year olds in which Jews had mean IQs of 108.5 and 107.7. Taking all five studies into account, it is proposed that the best reading of the IQ of Jews in Britain is 110. It is proposed that the best reading of the IQ of Jews in the United States is 109.5. Data are presented for the numbers of Jewish Fellows of the Royal Society in relation to their proportion in the population. It is found that Jews were over-represented by a factor of 3.7 in the years 1901 through 1940 and by a factor of 7.6 in the years 1950 through 2003. Data are also presented for the numbers Jewish Nobel prize-winners in Britain and the United States for 1901 through 2003. It is shown that Jews are over-represented among Nobel prize-winners by a factor of 8.0 in Britain and 12.3 in the United States. It is proposed that the over-representation of Jews among Nobel prize-winners can be partly explained by the higher average Jewish IQ. 相似文献
932.
Extraversion and neuroticism interact to affect subjective well-being (SWB) at the individual level of analysis, so that introverted
neurotics tend to be particularly miserable. The goal of this study is to determine if this interaction can also be detected
at a national level. Findings based on data from 30 countries confirmed that the interaction between extraversion and neuroticism
was an extremely strong predictor of satisfaction with life and affect, and a similar though not significant effect was observed
with happiness. Neuroticism lowered satisfaction with life and affect among all nations, but more so among introverted nations
than among extraverted ones. These findings further confirm that personality traits can be used to extend our understanding
of national differences regarding SWB. They also further validate national SWB scores, as they relate to personality in a
complex but theoretically meaningful manner. 相似文献
933.
Lynn Seskin Eileen Feliciano Gil Tippy Ruby Yedloutschnig K. Mark Sossin Anastasia Yasik 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(7):949-960
While attachment research has demonstrated that parents’ internal working models of attachment relationships tend to be transmitted
to their children, affecting children’s developmental trajectories, this study specifically examines associations between
adult attachment status and observable parent, child, and dyadic behaviors among children with autism and associated neurodevelopmental
disorders of relating and communicating. The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) was employed to derive parental working models
of attachment relationships. The Functional Emotional Assessment Scale (FEAS) was used to determine the quality of relational
and functional behaviors in parents and their children. The sample included parents and their 4- to 16-year-old children with
autism and associated neurodevelopmental disorders. Hypothesized relationships between AAI classifications and FEAS scores
were supported. Significant correlations were found between AAI classification and FEAS scores, indicating that children with
autism spectrum disorders whose parents demonstrated secure attachment representations were better able to initiate and respond
in two-way pre-symbolic gestural communication; organize two-way social problem-solving communication; and engage in imaginative
thinking, symbolic play, and verbal communication. These findings lend support to the relevance of the parent’s state of mind
pertaining to attachment status to child and parent relational behavior in cases wherein the child has been diagnosed with
autism or an associated neurodevelopmental disorder of relating and communicating. A model emerges from these findings of
conceptualizing relationships between parental internal models of attachment relationships and parent-child relational and
functional levels that may aid in differentiating interventions. 相似文献
934.
Richard Lynn 《Intelligence》2010,38(5):451-455
Beraldo (2010) and Cornoldi, Belacchi, Giofre, Martini, and Tressoldi (2010) (CBGMT) have eight criticisms of my paper (Lynn, 2010) claiming that the large north–south differences in per capita income in Italy are attributable to differences in the average levels of intelligence in the populations. CBGMT give results for seven data sets for IQs in the north and south of Italy. All of these show that IQs are higher than in the north than in the south, although the differences are not as great as those I calculated. Other criticisms to the effect that the PISA tests are not measures of intelligence are refuted. The results of two further studies are given that confirm that IQs in the north of Italy are approximately 10 IQ points higher than in south. 相似文献
935.
936.
Lynn L. K. Lim Christopher C. A. Chan Peter Dallimore 《Journal of business and psychology》2010,25(4):673-688
Purpose
This study compared the perceptions of executives and investors in terms of the importance to disclose human capital measures and their knowledge of those measures.Design/methodology/approach
Forty-nine senior-level executives (41% response rate) from service-oriented, public-listed companies in Australia and 33 investors (47% response rate) from various fund management companies responded to our survey.Findings
The investors indicated the importance to disclose certain human capital measures more than the executives. The executives appeared to show a better understanding than the investors on indicators such as staff satisfaction index, staff capacity, motivational index, workforce stability, and workforce competence profile.Implications
To date, researchers have explored human capital from a piecemeal perspective. A more integrated and multifaceted measure of human capital has the potential to benefit fund managers and executives. Disclosure of value added by employees, composition of staff (full-time, contract, or temporary), staff turnover, average years of experience, and average age of management and operational staff would shed some light on investment decisions for fund managers. Executives could utilize the measures to reflect on an assortment of human capital issues that are relevant to their organizations and stakeholders, especially the investment community.Originality/value
This study proposed a more inclusive measure of human capital by integrating traditional measures of human capital and non-accounting measures (e.g., educational level, experience, and motivation). A comparison of the perspectives of executives and investors revealed preferences for certain information, which can help to improve the perception of transparency and accountability. 相似文献937.
Inspired by the revised Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) theory the present study probed the association between individual differences in Trait BIS and electroencephalogram indicators of conflict processing/inhibition. Sixty‐nine male participants either high or low in Trait BIS completed a Go/No‐Go task while the electroencephalogram was recorded. As expected, Trait BIS was associated with the No‐Go‐anteriorisation of the P300 event‐related potential (i.e. an index of response inhibition presumably generated in the dorsal anterior cingulate—an area implicated in conflict processing) and with No‐ Go‐related changes towards left frontal alpha activity (i.e. presumably more activity in right prefrontal cortex—an area implicated in response inhibition). These findings support the role of conflict processing attributed to BIS functioning in the revised theory. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
938.
Students of creativity have long been interested in the relationship between creativity and deviant behaviors such as criminality, mental disease, and unethical behavior. In the present study we wished to examine the relationship between creative thinking skills and ethical decision-making among scientists. Accordingly, 258 doctoral students in the health, biological, and social sciences were asked to complete a measure of creative processing skills (e.g., problem definition, conceptual combination, idea generation) and a measure of ethical decision-making examining four domains, data management, study conduct, professional practices, and business practices. It was found that ethical decision-making in all four of these areas was related to creative problem-solving processes with late cycle processes (e.g., idea generation and solution monitoring) proving particularly important. The implications of these findings for understanding the relationship between creative and deviant thought are discussed. 相似文献
939.
Idiosyncratic deals and organizational commitment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article examines the relationship between idiosyncratic deals and organizational commitment. In particular, it examines how two individual differences which reflect self-worth (core self-evaluations and age) moderate that relationship. We predicted that employees with feelings of high self-worth will expect and will feel entitled to these deals, but employees with feelings of low self-worth will feel particularly obligated to reciprocate positively for special treatment. Data were collected from 375 managers at two points in time. As predicted, the relationship between idiosyncratic deals and affective organizational commitment was stronger for those managers who had low core self-evaluations. While the two-way interaction effect between idiosyncratic deals and age was not significant, we did find modest evidence for a three-way interaction effect. As predicted, the strongest relationship between idiosyncratic deals and organizational commitment occurred for older workers who had low core self-evaluations. 相似文献
940.
The authors tested whether a brief indicated cognitive-behavioral depression prevention program produced similar effects for Asian American, Latino, and European American adolescents (M age = 17.3, SD = 1.6) with elevated depressive symptoms using data from two randomized trials. The first trial involved 37 Asian-American/Pacific Islanders, 32 Latinos, and 98 European Americans and the second trial involved 61 Latinos and 72 European Americans. Reductions in depressive symptoms from pre- to post-intervention and from pre to 6-month follow-up for intervention participants versus assessment-only controls did not differ significantly for the various ethnic groups in either trial, despite sufficient power to detect clinically meaningful differences. These findings suggest that this indicated depression prevention intervention is similarly efficacious for Asian American, Latino and European American adolescents. 相似文献