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81.
Aleksandra Niemyjska Monika Szczepańska Mirosław Kofta 《The International journal for the psychology of religion》2018,28(3):187-205
This study aimed to investigate antecedents of positive perceptions of divine agents and the optimistic assumption that the world is meaningful, basically good and trustworthy, as found in Polish men and women who struggle with homelessness or alcohol addiction. In the largely understudied groups of people who were homeless (n = 111) or alcohol addicted (n = 120), we confirmed that communal orientation is a consistent precursor of beliefs in supernatural agents such as God, the Devil and angels, as well as positive perceptions of both God and guardian angels. The antecedents of basic trust varied across participant groups. However, among them were positive attitudes toward God, communal orientation, and a deferring problem-solving style. Additionally, we found asymmetric links between perceptions of divine agents and both duration of addiction and duration of therapy in the addicted group. The former was related to a less positive perception of guardian angels and less perceived collaboration with God, whereas the latter was linked to a more positive perception of angels and more collaboration with God in problem-solving. We discuss the significance of a positive concept of divine beings for people who are homeless or alcohol addicted. 相似文献
82.
Małgorzata Stępień-Nycz Irmina Rostek Marta Białecka-Pikul Arkadiusz Białek 《European Journal of Developmental Psychology》2018,15(2):192-213
The main aim of the study was to determine the psychometric properties of the version of the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ) adapted to Polish culture. Since temperament in toddlers was being observed in a laboratory, an external validity of the ECBQ was also provided. Kagan’s observational paradigm was used to test 215 18-month-old children. Their parents completed the ECBQ twice, when the children were 26 and 30 months old. The results showed good internal consistency and confirmed the longitudinal stability of the scale. The same three-factor solution was found in the structure of the scale as in the original American study. The convergence between the observational and parent report data supported the ECBQ’s external validity. Similarities in the structure of the scale observed between the Polish and American data are discussed from a cross-cultural perspective. The usefulness of the Polish ECBQ and the limitations of the obtained results are discussed. 相似文献
83.
The number of items that can be held in human short-term memory (STM) is limited to 7 (± 2) elements. Lisman and Idiart's theoretical model of STM proposes that this value depends on the number of gamma cycles that can fit in one theta cycle. Previous studies on animals and humans provided support for this hypothesis but direct evidence from human EEG scalp recordings has not previously been reported. We recorded spontaneous EEG activity from 17 participants and measured their verbal STM capacity with a modified digit span task from the Wechsler battery. The strong and positive correlation we found between verbal STM capacity and theta/gamma cycle length ratio thus provides a direct argument in favor of this STM theoretical model. In this study we also demonstrated a new method for assessing individual theta and gamma frequencies by detecting functional coupling between these oscillations. 相似文献
84.
85.
An increasing number of drugs removed from the market because of unacceptable toxicity raises concerns regarding preapproval
testing of drug safety. In the present paper it is postulated that the non-inferiority type of trial should be abandoned in
favor of the superiority trial with active controls and less stringent (p<0.1, both for efficacy and toxicity) statistics.
This approach will increase sensitivity of detection of drug-induced adverse effects at the expense of increasing false positive
results regarding the difference in efficacy between the tested and reference drug. Such a move will increase the protection
of future patients. In addition, the proposed design is far more acceptable from the clinical (e.g. no need to specify the
statistically expected “unimportant” number of deaths) and ethical points of view, as well as being favored by the strong
incentive of involved parties. In the second part of this paper arguments are presented in favor of the hypothesis that placebo
(still used in some superiority trials) does not induce adverse effects. The assertion that placebo may induce adverse effects
is probably biased by the nature of the clinical experiment. Such a conclusion is supported by studies indicating that placebo-induced
adverse effects are disease — and treatment — specific. The modification of clinical trials according to the proposed changes
may increase the trials’ sensitivity at detecting adverse effects of drugs.
A lecture on the subject of this paper was presented at the 6th International Bioethics Conference on the subject of ‘The
Responsible Conduct of Basic and Clinical Research’, held in Warsaw, Poland, 3–4 June 2005. 相似文献
86.
The Lambek calculus introduced in Lambek [6] is a strengthening of the type reduction calculus of Ajdukiewicz [1]. We study
Associative Lambek Calculus L in Gentzen style axiomatization enriched with a finite set Γ of nonlogical axioms, denoted by
L(Γ).It is known that finite axiomatic extensions of Associative Lambek Calculus generate all recursively enumerable languages
(see Buszkowski [2]). Then we confine nonlogical axioms to sequents of the form p → q, where p and q are atomic types. For calculus L(Γ) we prove interpolation lemma (modifying the Roorda proof for L [10]) and the binary reduction
lemma (using the Pentus method [9] with modification from [3]). In consequence we obtain the weak equivalence of the Context-Free
Grammars and grammars based on L(Γ). 相似文献
87.
Joanna?Golińska-PilarekEmail author Taneli?Huuskonen 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2005,34(2):193-206
We show that there are continuum many different extensions of SCI (the basic theory of non-Fregean propositional logic) that lie below WF (the Fregean extension) and are closed under substitution. Moreover, continuum many of them are independent from WB (the Boolean extension), continuum many lie above WB and are independent from WH (the Boolean extension with only two values for the equality relation), and only countably many lie between WH and WF. 相似文献
88.
Hemispheric dominance in schizophrenics as determined on extrapyramidal side effects of neuroleptics
B Peth? P Taríska K Pintér E Sommer 《Psychiatrie, Neurologie, und medizinische Psychologie》1978,30(1):23-27
Phenomena observed during treatment with neuroleptics were clinically measured in an attempt to determine the difference in vulnerability of the two hemispheres and the relation between this difference and schizophrenic diseases. In the group of systematic schizophrenias the increase in tonus was significantly higher in the dominant hemisphere. This finding is considered a verification of the nosological hypothesis of schizophrenias. 相似文献
89.
90.
Zygmunt Ziembiński 《Studia Logica》1964,15(1):261-269
Allatum est die 3 Junii 1963 相似文献