计算的脑机制研究进展

采用计算任务来探讨脑机制已成为国外研究大脑活动的重要领域。该文阐述了神经心理学和脑成像领域有关计算的脑机制研究。神经心理学及脑损伤的研究结果表明,大脑两侧顶下小叶和左前额叶与计算加工有关。ERP、PET和fMRI脑成像研究结果显示,数字命名与比较、心算、精算和估算等不同计算任务,其所激活的脑部位有所差异,但是大脑两侧顶下小叶和左前额叶可能是计算加工的主要脑部位。由于研究材料、方法和程序的不同,大脑皮层的广泛区域都有可能参与计算加工。     

年老过程认知作业完成量与作业速度相互关系的研究

本工作应用自行设计的计算机逐级限速程序,研究了年老过程四项认知作业完成量与作业速度的相互关系。被试350人,46—75岁。研究结果表明:1、随着计算机所限时间的缩短,各项作业完成量均随年老下降迅速,作业完成量对于作业速度的依存关系随年老表现极为明显;2、在逐级限速条件下,四项认知作业完成量的年老敏感性顺序与作业速度的年老敏感性顺序基本相同,即是:符号数字、心算、计数和数字鉴别。     

Thirty years of abdominal pain

In this paper, the author describes a brief psychotherapy with a man who has struggled with abdominal symptoms for most of his adult life. After an unhappy childhood, the patient (Mr A) married and then was witness to the birth of his stillborn child, in a foreign country. Soon after his abdominal symptoms started, and plagued him for the following 30 years. In the therapy, Mr A began to explore areas of guilt, hostility, and shame, together with previously unknown-about unconscious phantasies. By the end of the therapy, he reported a substantial diminution in his symptoms, as well as changes to his relationships, and mode of thinking and feeling. Some aspects of working psychoanalytically with patients with somatic symptoms, especially those pertaining to the gastrointestinal tract, are discussed.