Precision teaching: A tool for the school psychologist and teacher

The authors of this paper have tried to provide an introduction to the language and problem solving approach called Precision Teaching. Reasons for using a specific language and reporting techniques are listed. Definitions of the terminology and examples taken from the classroom are provided. The main point of this paper is that systematic interventions, precisely described and systematically recorded, lead to the most successful interventions.     

Utility of the concept of brain damage for the school psychologist

This paper attempts to show that the concept of brain damage has little utility for the school psychologist or educator. This argument is based on three major points: (a) the definition of brain damage, particularly minimal brain damage, is unclear and confusing; (b) diagnosis of brain damage is often difficult and results of psychological testing often equivocal; and (c) differential treatment programs and educational procedures suggested for the brain injured child appear to be of only questionable value. Extreme caution is urged to prevent hasty, uncritical adoption of many inadequately tested teaching and management techniques advocated for brain damaged children.     

内隐学习研究的现状及其争议

本世纪７０年代,Ａ．Ｓ．Ｒｅｂｅｒ等人在概念形成的研究中提出了“内隐学习”的概念,从而对概念形成及有关概念学习的所有分析性理论提出挑战,在心理学界引起轰动,使内隐学习的研究成为热点。直到现在,内隐学习研究者们取得了一系列的研究成果,促进了心理学特别是认知心理学的发展。但由于其研究尚处于初级阶段,所以其内部也存在着诸多争议。本文拟就内隐学习的一般发现及有关争议加以探讨,以期引起进一步的研究。     

Traumatization of group leaders in their work with displaced persons

Displaced persons are a special, threatened group of people, participants in this war, who were suddenly forced to abandon their homes. The majority of them were, overnight, left without anything they had, some even without their closest family. They all have one thing in common: they have all lost so much. Work with such people is directed toward overcoming their feelings of loss and abandonment and preventing psychical decompensation. Groups of displaced persons temporarily sheltered in the Rijeka region have been observed to be markedly regressed, with increased sensitivity, a low degree of tolerance, great demands on society and strongly expressed projective tendencies. Therapists suffer personal traumatization in working with displaced persons. This paper describes the reactions and feelings of group leaders caused by manifestations of group dynamics in different phases of exile.     

Evaluation of outcome in school consultation

To further understanding regarding how content of change, degree of change, and initial level of functioning influence consultants' evaluation of consulation outcome, 14 mental health consultants completed a questionnaire. For each of the 18 prepost consultation ratings on the questionnaire (2 context × 3 degrees of change × 3 initial levels = 18), consultants rated the success of consultation and the degree to which they would like to have been the consultant. Analysis of variance results for both dependent measures indicate main effects for degree of change and initial level. Neither main effects for content nor interaction effects are indicated. It appears that consultants perceive consultation as more successful with and prefer working with consultees who improve the most and who function at a higher initial level.     

氯丙嗪、氯丙嗪-苯丙胺颉颃作用对猕猴学习和行为的影响

精神药物对学习和行为影响的实验研究。开始于氯丙嗪和二乙基麦角酰胺(LSD)的诞生。自从1954年首次报道氯丙嗪对精神病患者的疗效后,精神药物对学习和行为影响的研究一直十分引人注意。早期的研究强调精神药物和学习的动机有关,因此以食物巩固为基础的正动因学习和以电击巩固为基础的负动因学习间,被认为存在本质差     

照度变化对视觉辨认的影响

前 言 近年来,关于工业企业和民用照明视觉功能的探讨逐渐多起来,这方面的研究对于制定照度标准和保护视力有着现实意义。我国过去的研究虽获得不少有益结果,但大多是在一般照明环境中、照度一般在几百勒克斯以下,以阅读视力表作为视觉功能指标。本研究是在比较严格控制的近似等效球照度的实验条件下,在1.7-2160Lux照度范围内,控制观察时间,探讨照度变化对视觉辨认的影响。此外,我们还研究了两种背景(亮和暗)对视觉辨认的影响。     

普通话听力估计的损伤阈

一、问题的提出 噪声对人体的危害,特别是直接对听力的危害,随着现代工业的迅速发展,已成为公害之一,越来越普遍地引起人们的极大关注。为了控制噪声和制定出可行的噪声允许标准,以期达到对人体的危害减少到最低的程度,多年来,国内外已做过不少的工作。 就人的听域而言,在一定的强度下,可听到的频率范围是很宽的。然而,就在现代化     

发音人和语境变异与声调知觉

本文用Garner快速分类法研究了发音人规范化和语境补偿过程与声调知觉的关系。得到的主要结果是:(1)发音人变化对声调识别产生了显著的Gar-ner干扰;声调变化对男女声判别产生了同样的十扰。(2)语境变化对声调识别也产生了显著的Garner干扰。按照Garner方法的假设,这说明发音人规范化和语境变异补偿与声调识别之问是相互联系和相互影响的。(3)虽然发音人和语境同时变化引起的声调识别反应时延长约等于它们单独变化时反应时延长量之和,但正确率下降远大于单独变化时下降量之和。说明发音人和语境变异对声调识别的干扰不是独立的,它们之间存在相互作用。这种作用增加了声调识别的难度。