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51.
52.
Vidal-Abarca E Martinez T Salmerón L Cerdán R Gilabert R Gil L Mañá A Llorens AC Ferris R 《Behavior research methods》2011,43(1):179-192
We present an application to study task-oriented reading processes called Read&Answer. The application mimics paper-and-pencil
situations in which a reader interacts with one or more documents to perform a specific task, such as answering questions,
writing an essay, or similar activities. Read&Answer presents documents and questions with a mask. The reader unmasks documents
and questions so that only a piece of information is available at a time. This way the entire interaction between the reader
and the documents on the task is recorded and can be analyzed. We describe Read&Answer and present its applications for research
and assessment. Finally, we explain two studies that compare readers’ performance on Read&Answer with students’ reading times
and comprehension levels on a paper-and-pencil task, and on a computer task recorded with eye-tracking. The use of Read&Answer
produced similar comprehension scores, although it changed the pattern of reading times. 相似文献
53.
Gastelumendi E 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2011,56(3):310-314
The discussion comments firstly on the role of synchronicity which seems so natural and significant for Jungians but which Freudians would think no more than interesting coincidences. This gives an idea of how different the two schools' approach to the psyche can be. Some theoretical elaboration is made regarding archetypes and primal phantasies: primal phantasies are much related to sexuality, but sexuality understood as intimately linked to the great mysteries of life. The discussion of the clinical work shows more similarities than differences. This suggests that for both perspectives the clinical is sovereign. As we know, respect and care for the patient's evolution, true concern for the patient and skilful use of technique remain the most important indicators of successful therapeutic work in the different psychotherapeutic approaches. 相似文献
54.
Church BA Krauss MS Lopata C Toomey JA Thomeer ML Coutinho MV Volker MA Mercado E 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2010,17(6):862-868
Children with autism spectrum disorder process many perceptual and social events differently from typically developing children,
suggesting that they may also form and recognize categories differently. We used a dot pattern categorization task and prototype
comparison modeling to compare categorical processing in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and matched
typical controls. We were interested in whether there were differences in how children with autism use average similarity
information about a category to make decisions. During testing, the group with autism spectrum disorder endorsed prototypes
less and was seemingly less sensitive to differences between to-be-categorized items and the prototype. The findings suggest
that individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder are less likely to use overall average similarity when forming
categories or making categorical decisions. Such differences in category formation and use may negatively impact processing
of socially relevant information, such as facial expressions. A supplemental appendix for this article may be downloaded from
http://pbr.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
55.
García Calvo T Cervelló E Jiménez R Iglesias D Moreno Murcia JA 《The Spanish journal of psychology》2010,13(2):677-684
Motivational characteristics are influential in shaping adolescents' desire to persist in sport or to discontinue their sport participation. Self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000) was utilized as the theoretical framework for this study. This theory examines whether sustained participatory involvement, defined as continued participation in the sport through the next year, was influenced by individuals' self-determined motivation and by the fulfillment of the three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Four hundred ninety two soccer players between the ages of 13 and 17 years comprised the sample. Results indicated sport dropout was explained by higher levels of amotivation, external regulation, and introjected regulation and by lower satisfaction of relatedness and autonomy needs. The findings of this study contribute to the knowledge base on sport dropout as they supported many of self-determination theory. 相似文献
56.
In this study, peer relationships of minors in residential care in a school context are analysed, both from the perspective of the peers and the teachers. Using a sociometric test and an evaluation protocol for teachers in 50 classrooms, a sample of 60 minors in care is compared to a normative sample of 843 minors. The results show that minors in residential care have a higher rate of rejection by their classmates in academic activities, but not for leisure ones. Furthermore, in comparison with the normative sample, they are more frequently described with negative adjectives. There is a high level of agreement between the peer evaluation and that of the teachers in the most visible aspects in the classroom. The implications of these results for the improvement of the adjustment of this group are discussed. 相似文献
57.
Eduardo Duran Judith Firehammer John Gonzalez 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2008,86(3):288-295
Oppression resulting in soul wounding has afflicted indigenous communities and the counseling profession. Internalized oppression has become part of oppressive practices inflicted on communities served. The authors delineate a liberation psychology that leads toward the psychological and spiritual emancipation of individual clients, communities, and the counseling profession. 相似文献
58.
This study examined dropout behavior, using the conceptual framework of achievement goal theory. We hypothesized that dropout could be predicted by a high ego-oriented goal disposition in combination with a low perception of personal skill and the perception that the coach and sport peers maintained ego-oriented sport success criteria. The participants were 134 adolescent athletes involved in high-level competitive sports participation. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) supported these hypotheses. Furthermore, the variables that directly predicted sport dropout were the participant's ego orientation (positively) and perception of skill (negatively). These findings and the research prospects are discussed. 相似文献
59.
Other people's incidental feelings can influence one's decision in a strategic manner. In a sequential game in which proposers moved first by dividing a given pot of cash (keeping 50% or 75% of the pot) and receivers responded by choosing the size of the pot (from 0 dollars to 1 dollar), proposers were more likely to make an unfair offer (i.e., to keep 75% of the pot) if they were told that receivers had watched a funny sitcom, rather than a movie clip portraying anger, in an unrelated study prior to the game playing. However, when proposers were told that receivers knew proposers had this affective information, the effect dissipated. In other words, a proposer expects a happy receiver to be more accommodating or cooperative than an angry receiver as long as the happy receiver does not realize that the proposer may be trying to benefit from the receiver's current incidental feelings. 相似文献
60.
Del Villar F García González L Iglesias D Perla Moreno M Cervelló EM 《Perceptual and motor skills》2007,104(2):355-365
This study deals with decision and execution behavior of tennis players during competition. The study is based on the expert-novice paradigm and aims to identify differences between both groups in the decision-making and execution variables in serve and shot actions in tennis. Six expert players (elite Spanish tennis players) and six novice players (grade school tennis players) took part in this study. To carry out this study, the observation protocol defined by McPherson and Thomas in 1989, in which control, decision-making and execution variables were included, was used, where it was applied to the performance of the tennis player in a real match situation. In the analysis, significant differences between experts and novices in decision-making and execution variables are found wherein it can be observed that experts display a greater ability to make the appropriate decisions, selecting the most tactical responses to put pressure on the opponent. Expert tennis players were also able to carry out forceful executions to their opponent with greater efficiency, making the opponent's response to a large extent more difficult. These findings are in accordance with those of McPherson and colleagues. 相似文献