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761.
Understanding team adaptation: a conceptual analysis and model 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Burke CS Stagl KC Salas E Pierce L Kendall D 《The Journal of applied psychology》2006,91(6):1189-1207
This endeavor provides a multidisciplinary, multilevel, and multiphasic conceptualization of team adaptation with theoretical roots in the cognitive, human factors, and industrial-organizational psychology literature. Team adaptation and the emergent nature of adaptive team performance are defined from a multilevel, theoretical standpoint. An input-throughput-output model is advanced to illustrate a series of phases unfolding over time that constitute the core processes and emergent states underlying adaptive team performance and contributing to team adaptation. The cross-level mixed-determinants model highlights team adaptation in a nomological network of lawful relations. Testable propositions, practical implications, and directions for further research in this area are also advanced. 相似文献
762.
State and trait anxiety define different aspects of anxiety, and may represent environmentally and genetically mediated components of this phenotype. Furthermore their relationship, where trait anxiety is expressed through levels of state anxiety under threatening circumstances, may represent a process of interplay between a genetic vulnerability factor and an environmental stressor. To test these hypotheses, we explored genetic and environmental influences on measures of state and trait anxiety in a sample of 1058 twins (521 males and 537 females) aged 8–16. The results were consistent with these hypotheses. State anxiety is largely influenced by environmental factors in males and females whereas trait anxiety shows moderate genetic effects and substantial non-shared environment effects. Their association was accounted for by non-shared environmental effects, with modest genetic and shared environmental inputs. The implications of these results for vulnerability mechanisms involving stress reactivity on anxiety are discussed. 相似文献
763.
Ruiz Gallego-Largo T Conchillo Jiménez A Recarte Goldaracena MA Hernández Lloreda MJ 《Psicothema》2006,18(4):738-742
Serial dependence of a car's arrival time. We have studied the sequential structure of data in the arrival- time estimations. Forty participants estimated the arrival-time of a vehicle under two experimental conditions: real car and video-image. Various time series regression models were fit to our data, and residuals autocorrelations were computed. For each serial-dependence model, data were fit to three functions, namely, power, logarithmic, and linear. In both experimental conditions, the response magnitude (R) on a given trial in t was a function of the stimulus intensity (S) in such a trial (t) and of the S and R on t-1 and t-2. Assimilation effect to the previous responses and contrast effect to the previous stimuli has been found. 相似文献
764.
López ML Iglesias JM García Cueto E Fernández JM García JB del Valle Mdel O Lana A Cueto A 《Psicothema》2006,18(3):478-484
Achieving a preventive attitude is the first step in eliminating cancer risk behaviours. This cross-sectional study evaluated the attitude towards the European Code against Cancer, in 3,031 relatives of cancer patients. The study looked for keys to improve attitude by means of educational interventions. Attitude was evaluated using a questionnaire with 63 items and a Likert's scale. Measured from -2 to +2 , the mean score was 0.905 [0.894 - 0.971]. Five per cent had a mean score under 0.38 and another 5% over 1.46. A multivariate analysis found that age, sex and level of education were significantly associated with attitude: young men with a low cultural level were those with the lowest preventive attitude. The family history of cancer was not associated with attitude. Educational interventions should modify the perceived advantages of smoking and drinking, and the disadvantages related to preventive diet and sun and workplace protection. 相似文献
765.
Moreno Jiménez B Morett Natera NI Rodríguez Muñoz A Morante Benadero ME 《Psicothema》2006,18(3):413-418
In last years, theorists and researchers have pointed to the relevance of personal factors in resilience and vulnerability on burnout. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of hardy personality as moderator of the relationship between job stressors and burnout. A total of 405 firefighters of the Community of Madrid participated in the study. The results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the challenge component of hardy personality buffer the influence of job stressors on the occurrence of burnout. Results support the hypothesis that hardy personality may have moderator effects on burnout. Furthermore, commitment appeared as a mediator of the relationships between burnout and its associated symptomatology. Finally, discussion emphasized the need to focus on the interaction between personal and contextual factors in order to make advances in understanding the burnout process. 相似文献
766.
Greear J 《The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC》2006,60(1-2):151-152
767.
Male humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) produce long, structured sequences of sound underwater, commonly called songs. Humpbacks progressively modify their songs over time in ways that suggest that individuals are copying song elements that they hear being used by other singers. Little is known about the factors that determine how whales learn from their auditory experiences. Song learning in birds is better understood and appears to be constrained by stable core attributes such as species-specific sound repertoires and song syntax. To clarify whether similar constraints exist for song learning by humpbacks, we analyzed changes over 14 years in the sounds used by humpback whales singing in Hawaiian waters. We found that although the properties of individual sounds within songs are quite variable over time, the overall distribution of certain acoustic features within the repertoire appears to be stable. In particular, our findings suggest that species-specific constraints on temporal features of song sounds determine song form, whereas spectral variability allows whales to flexibly adapt song elements.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at . 相似文献
768.
769.
The acquisition of the skin conductance response (SCR) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) raises significant
safety issues, as well as practical ones, which need to be addressed in order for these experiments to be conducted safely
and successfully. Metallic and conductive wires in the presence of time-varying gradient magnetic fields such as those present
in fMRI experiments may induce heating, as well as electric fields, in these components and, if in contact with the subject,
could produce severe burns and electric shocks. Moreover, these metallic and conductive components can significantly distort
the magnetic field, resulting in image artifacts. A system for recording the SCR in humans simultaneously with fMRI is presented.
The device is a fiber-optic-based transducer, which records the SCR from two fingers of the same hand, using electrodes containing
inline radio frequency (RF) suppression filters and protective resistive loads. The fiber-optic SCR transducer was tested
using 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla MRI scanners running EPI sequences. This system was able to safely record SCRs free of RF interference
during an fMRI experiment, and the fiber-optic design of the transducer eliminated any artifacts on the MRI scan. 相似文献
770.
In this article, the authors present a model linking immediate affective experiences to within-person performance. First, the authors define a time structure for performance (the performance episode) that is commensurate with the dynamic nature of affect. Next, the authors examine the core cognitive and regulatory processes that determine performance for 1 person during any particular episode. Third, the authors describe how various emotions and moods influence the intermediary performance processes, thereby affecting performance. In the final section of the article, the authors discuss limitations, future research directions, and practical implications for their episodic process model of affect and performance. 相似文献