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231.
Eduardo Wills-Herrera Gazi Islam Marilyn Hamilton 《Applied research in quality of life》2009,4(2):201-221
Subjective indicators of well-being have been proposed as guides for development policy since development is not limited to
material wealth (Veenhoven, Social Indicators Research, 58:33–45 2002; Diener, Journal of Happiness Studies 7:4–397 2006). Development studies have suffered from a materialistic bias (Easterlin, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 27:35–47
1995). The paper presents a comparative cross-cultural investigation of domains of subjective well-being (SWB) and a global measure
of Satisfaction with Life as a Whole (SWLS) in three cities: Bogotá-Colombia; Belo-Horizonte-Brazil and Toronto-Canada. The
Personal and National Wellbeing Indexes (PWI and NWI) developed by the International Wellbeing Group (IWG, Cummins, Social
Indicators Research 38:303–328 1996; Cummins et al., Social Indicators Network News 69:8 2002) as well as the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS, Diener et al., Journal of Personality Assessment 49:71–75 1985) were applied and successfully validated at the city level. The cities chosen have similar democratic institutions but different
cultures and different “objective” indicators of development. Significant differences across cities as well as significant
interaction effects were found for the subjective well-being indexes and demographic variables. Based on these results, we
propose that NWI may be seen as a contextual antecedent of PWI, consistent with our view that individual evaluations of SWB
may be determined by dispositional factors (top-down), context (bottom-up domains) and cultural values. The validation of
the subjective well-being indexes in diverse cultural contexts is an important contribution in a field that has been mainly
dominated by European, American and Australian samples. 相似文献
232.
Spirituality and Subjective Well-Being: Evidences for a New Domain in the Personal Well-Being Index 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Eduardo Wills 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2009,10(1):49-69
Subjective well-being explores the evaluations, both positive and negative, of how people experience their lives. Research
in the field inquires how people perceive their well-being in different settings, including different cultures, regions and
cities. A large number of different measures have been designed to capture subjective well-being. One of the most used SWB
measure is the Personal Well-being Index (PWI), an evaluation of life developed by Cummins et al [(2003). Social Indicators Research, 64, 159–190] which proposes that satisfaction with life consists of seven different life-domains. Theoretical considerations
of the contribution of spirituality and religiosity to life satisfaction, from a eudaimonic (from the Greek, it consists of
the word "eu" (good or well-being) and the word “daemon” (spirit)) point of view, led to test the contribution of this new
domain in the prediction of the Personal Well-being Index (PWI) in Bogotá, Colombia. Empirical results confirm the construct
validity and reliability of the scale. The contribution of the new domain—satisfaction with spirituality and religiosity—to
PWI was found significant. Based on these results the paper explores conceptually the role of spirituality contributing to
satisfaction with life. The finding stresses the importance of interpreting satisfaction with life as a whole from the Aristotelian
concept of eudaimonia. New questions for research in this important area are proposed 相似文献
233.
Cassio Polpo de Campos Fabio Gagliardi Cozman José Eduardo Ochoa Luna 《Journal of Applied Logic》2009,7(2):137-154
We examine the representation of judgements of stochastic independence in probabilistic logics. We focus on a relational logic where (i) judgements of stochastic independence are encoded by directed acyclic graphs, and (ii) probabilistic assessments are flexible in the sense that they are not required to specify a single probability measure. We discuss issues of knowledge representation and inference that arise from our particular combination of graphs, stochastic independence, logical formulas and probabilistic assessments. 相似文献
234.
235.
Understanding team adaptation: a conceptual analysis and model 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Burke CS Stagl KC Salas E Pierce L Kendall D 《The Journal of applied psychology》2006,91(6):1189-1207
This endeavor provides a multidisciplinary, multilevel, and multiphasic conceptualization of team adaptation with theoretical roots in the cognitive, human factors, and industrial-organizational psychology literature. Team adaptation and the emergent nature of adaptive team performance are defined from a multilevel, theoretical standpoint. An input-throughput-output model is advanced to illustrate a series of phases unfolding over time that constitute the core processes and emergent states underlying adaptive team performance and contributing to team adaptation. The cross-level mixed-determinants model highlights team adaptation in a nomological network of lawful relations. Testable propositions, practical implications, and directions for further research in this area are also advanced. 相似文献
236.
López ML Iglesias JM García Cueto E Fernández JM García JB del Valle Mdel O Lana A Cueto A 《Psicothema》2006,18(3):478-484
Achieving a preventive attitude is the first step in eliminating cancer risk behaviours. This cross-sectional study evaluated the attitude towards the European Code against Cancer, in 3,031 relatives of cancer patients. The study looked for keys to improve attitude by means of educational interventions. Attitude was evaluated using a questionnaire with 63 items and a Likert's scale. Measured from -2 to +2 , the mean score was 0.905 [0.894 - 0.971]. Five per cent had a mean score under 0.38 and another 5% over 1.46. A multivariate analysis found that age, sex and level of education were significantly associated with attitude: young men with a low cultural level were those with the lowest preventive attitude. The family history of cancer was not associated with attitude. Educational interventions should modify the perceived advantages of smoking and drinking, and the disadvantages related to preventive diet and sun and workplace protection. 相似文献
237.
Male humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) produce long, structured sequences of sound underwater, commonly called songs. Humpbacks progressively modify their songs over time in ways that suggest that individuals are copying song elements that they hear being used by other singers. Little is known about the factors that determine how whales learn from their auditory experiences. Song learning in birds is better understood and appears to be constrained by stable core attributes such as species-specific sound repertoires and song syntax. To clarify whether similar constraints exist for song learning by humpbacks, we analyzed changes over 14 years in the sounds used by humpback whales singing in Hawaiian waters. We found that although the properties of individual sounds within songs are quite variable over time, the overall distribution of certain acoustic features within the repertoire appears to be stable. In particular, our findings suggest that species-specific constraints on temporal features of song sounds determine song form, whereas spectral variability allows whales to flexibly adapt song elements.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at . 相似文献
238.
In this article, the authors present a model linking immediate affective experiences to within-person performance. First, the authors define a time structure for performance (the performance episode) that is commensurate with the dynamic nature of affect. Next, the authors examine the core cognitive and regulatory processes that determine performance for 1 person during any particular episode. Third, the authors describe how various emotions and moods influence the intermediary performance processes, thereby affecting performance. In the final section of the article, the authors discuss limitations, future research directions, and practical implications for their episodic process model of affect and performance. 相似文献
239.
Bushman BJ Bonacci AM Pedersen WC Vasquez EA Miller N 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2005,88(6):969-983
Ruminating about a provocation increases the likelihood of displaced aggression following a minor annoyance (trigger). In Study 1, provoked participants who ruminated for 25 min were more aggressive toward a fumbling confederate than were distracted participants. Provocation-induced negative affect was positively related to aggression but only among those who ruminated. Study 2 conceptually replicated Study 1 and also found that the more negatively people reacted to the trigger, the more likely the trigger was to increase displaced aggression. Study 3 replicated the findings of Studies 1 and 2 by using an 8-hr rumination period. All 3 studies suggest that ruminating about a provocation increases the likelihood that a minor triggering annoyance will increase displaced aggression. 相似文献
240.
AbstractThis study explores whether and how different external representations of quantity influence the performance of four-year-old children when constructing sets of a given cardinal number. Three representations of quantity were presented (objects, pictures and number words) in an adaptation of the ‘Give-a-number’ task, in sets that contained 2–6 items. The results show that the use of pictures facilitated children’s performance with quantities of three and four. These results are discussed by analysing the cognitive demands of representational formats, in terms of dual representation and iconicity, and according to the magnitude of the quantities involved. 相似文献