学习惰性研究综述

学习惰性是一种普遍存在的消极心理现象,它对学生和成人的学习造成负面影响.相关的研究国外已有而国内尚无.本研究为帮助学习者克服惰性、更好地学习和发展,在文献检索和典籍查阅的基础上,界定了惰性和学习惰性的概念;探讨了学习惰性的危害、成因及其影响因素;从认知、情绪、行为和易发人群等方面辨析了学习惰性与学习倦怠的异同;建议对学习惰性与学习倦怠采取不同的评估、教育和心理干预措施;最后对如何拓宽与深化学习惰性的研究进行了思考.     

Moderation Analysis Using a Two-Level Regression Model

Moderation analysis is widely used in social and behavioral research. The most commonly used model for moderation analysis is moderated multiple regression (MMR) in which the explanatory variables of the regression model include product terms, and the model is typically estimated by least squares (LS). This paper argues for a two-level regression model in which the regression coefficients of a criterion variable on predictors are further regressed on moderator variables. An algorithm for estimating the parameters of the two-level model by normal-distribution-based maximum likelihood (NML) is developed. Formulas for the standard errors (SEs) of the parameter estimates are provided and studied. Results indicate that, when heteroscedasticity exists, NML with the two-level model gives more efficient and more accurate parameter estimates than the LS analysis of the MMR model. When error variances are homoscedastic, NML with the two-level model leads to essentially the same results as LS with the MMR model. Most importantly, the two-level regression model permits estimating the percentage of variance of each regression coefficient that is due to moderator variables. When applied to data from General Social Surveys 1991, NML with the two-level model identified a significant moderation effect of race on the regression of job prestige on years of education while LS with the MMR model did not. An R package is also developed and documented to facilitate the application of the two-level model.     

The modulation of semantic transparency on the recognition memory for two-character Chinese words

This study demonstrated that semantic transparency as a linguistic property modulates the recognition memory for two-character Chinese words, with opaque words (i.e., words whose meanings cannot be derived from constituent characters—e.g., “光[/guang/, light]棍[/gun/, stick]”, bachelor) remembered better than transparent words (i.e., words whose meanings can be derived from constituent characters—e.g., “茶[/cha/, tea]杯[/bei/, cup]”, teacup). In Experiment 1, the participants made lexical decisions on transparent words, opaque words, and nonwords in the study and then engaged in an old/new recognition test. Experiment 2 employed a concreteness judgment as the encoding task to ensure equivalent semantic processing for opaque and transparent words. In Experiment 3, the neighborhood size of the two-character words was manipulated together with their semantic transparency. In all three experiments, opaque words were found to be better remembered than transparent words. We concluded that the conceptual incongruence between the meanings of a whole word and its constituent characters made opaque words more distinctive and, hence, better remembered than transparent words.     

泸州市基督教会的社会资本

社会资本是个人或组织整合和利用的嵌入在社会关系和社会网络当中的一切社会资源的总和,它不包含个人或组织自身的资源在内.宗教组织的社会资本可以这样表述:宗教组织社会资本是指在组织自身资源之外,宗教组织整合并利用的那些嵌入在社会关系和社会网络当中一切资源的总和.泸州市基督教会同样具有这样的社会资本,也正是在整合和利用这种资本的基础上,泸州教会广泛参与社会服务与慈善工作,既满足了社会的需求,回报了社会,又扩大了自身的影响,提高了社会地位.     

群际接触对外群体信任的影响:内群体认同的中介效应

目的:探讨内群体认同在群际接触对外群体信任的中介效应。方法:采用内群体认同量表、群际接触量表和外群体信任量表,对570名大学生进行测量,运用SPSS13.0、Amos22.0对数据进行统计分析。结果:内群体认同作为中介变量,群体接触通过内群体认同对外群体信任的具有稳定的间接作用。     

Referent Predictability is Affected by Syntactic Structure: Evidence from Chinese

This paper examines the effect of syntactic structures on referent predictability. Focusing on stimulus-experiencer (SE) verbs, we conducted two sentence-completion experiments in Chinese by contrasting SE verbs in three structures (active canonical, active ba, and passive). The results showed that although verb semantics and discourse coherence relations produce a strong referential biases, the stimulus referent is overall less likely to be rementioned in the active canonical structure than in the other two structures. The findings thus indicate that referent predictability is determined by not only semantic but also syntactic factors. We discuss the theoretical implications for the nature of referent predictability and its relationship with referent accessibility.     

从诠释学看墨辩研究的逻辑学范式

This article describes the logic paradigm in the “Mobian” 墨辩 (the debate theory of the Mohist school) investigation from the point of view of hermeneutics, discloses the relationship between the overinterpretation tradition in China and the logic paradigm in the “Mobian” investigation, observes the overinterpretation of the “Mobian” by the creators and supporters of the logic paradigm from Liang Qichao and Hu Shi to the modernists, including mathematical logicians, and analyzes Shen Youding’s reflections on the logic paradigm in his later life. Translated by Huang Deyuan (proofread by Hsiung Ming) from Xueshu Yanjiu 学术研究 (Academic Research Journal), 2005, (1): 49–56     

自我描述问卷上海常模的修订报告

自我描述问卷是一种在国际上被广泛运用的自我概念测量量表,为了使我国的教育和医务工作者也能使用这种测量工具.我们对其进行了引进和修订.并初步制定出上海常模,从试用的结果来看.对我国6-12年级的初高中学生非常适用。分数的分布里常态.对测验结果作各种心理测量学的分析,信度指标：a.全量表的内在稳定性各年级在.92-.96之间,各分量表的内在稳定性在.66-.9文之间。b.各分量表的重测信度为.56-.75.效度指标：a.各分量表之间的相关较低,b.同质性很好,C.三个学业自我概念分量表与学习成绩间有很高的正相关,鉴于以上这些结果,该量表在中国中学生中使用有较高的信度,效度和实用价值。     

Assessment of Major Life Events for Hong Kong Adolescents: The Chinese Adolescent Life Event Scale

Previous Chinese research on adolescent life stress adopted life event scales that were directly translated from Western measures. To address the methodological and cultural issues overlooked by the import approach, the present research aimed at constructing a life event scale for Hong Kong adolescents. Study 1 was conducted to congregate items for the Chinese Adolescent Life Event Scale (CALES). The CALES contains 44 items derived from 618 Hong Kong adolescents. Study 2 revealed adequate test–retest reliability and criterion-related validity for the CALES. Moreover, the CALES yielded stronger relationships with depression than did the translated life event measures. Results suggest that the CALES is appropriate for assessing life events for Hong Kong adolescents. Both unique features of the CALES and life events found only in the translated measures are examined. Implications for Chinese research on life stress are discussed.     

《管子》忠思想研究

忠,是中国传统政治文化的重要内容之一。在"忠"思想发展史上,《管子》的贡献就在于对前人"忠"思想做了批判总结,并以儒家思想为基本出发点,对"忠"做了新的界定,使得原本内涵相当丰富的"忠"思想在这里开始出现围绕"君"之事进行定向思考的倾向,从而为未来"忠=忠君"做了理论上的准备。