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K. Lissák 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1969,4(3):145-154
Recent observations on the plasticity of brain and behavior relationships indicate that the temporary connections between environmental and neuroanatomical substrates have tremendous specificity but at the same time are very plastic. Establishment of a conditional reflex by stimulation of the hippocampal pyramidal layer and/or the mesencephalic reticular formation did not interfere with the differential stimulation of very near points in the same structures. These correlations between brain and behavior confirmed the earlier belief that the development of temporary connections between environment and brain is an elementary process of the central nervous system. Complex behavioral functions are organized through both neuronal and humoral afferentation. Data accumulated recently indicate that the descending forebrain influence is inhibitory in the brain stem and diencephalon and controls the sensory input in a somatomotor-specific and situation-specific manner. Humoral factors affecting thresholds can change the dynamic equilibrium existing between ascending excitatory and descending inhibitory systems; these alterations always follow the rule of situation and somatomotor specificity. 相似文献
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Gordon Z. Greenberg 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1969,6(5):297-301
Using the probe-signal method, frequency-response characteristics were obtained for four Os detecting signals nominally of only 1000Hz under three signal-amplitude conditions: E/No=10.0, 12.6, and 15.8. Detection of 1000-Hz signals decreased systematically with signal-amplitude decreases, but signals at 850 Hz and at 1150 Hz were detected at or near the chance level during all signal-amplitude conditions. From the detection performance data, the detectability was inferred for four probe-signal frequencies relative to that of 1000-Hz signals for each of the amplitude conditions. From the curvesofrelative detectability, hal[-detectability bandwidths were estimated. Neither the relative detectability curves nor the half-detectability bandwidths indicate any systematic change in the frequencyselectivebehavior of the auditory O across the signal amplitudes used. 相似文献
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It has been observed that the number of different ways in which a graph withp points can be labelled isp! divided by the number of symmetries, and that this holds regardless of the species of structure at hand. In this note, a simple group-theoretic proof is provided.This work was supported by Grant MH 10834 from the National Institute of Mental Health. 相似文献
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Thomas E. Edgar 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1966,44(10):1025-1029
Two recommendations from a recent statement of standards for counselor education are examined for underlying philosophical assumptions. The first recommendation, that counselors should possess ability for and conduct scientific research, assumes that the counseling process is lawful and orderly, that theoretical concepts can be operationally defined and that empirically testable predictions can be derived from counseling theories. A second recommendation suggests that counselors-in-training be selectively admitted and retained. Underlying this recommendation is the assumption that counseling is a process of influence that can be evaluated. Such evaluation must be based on conditions outside the counseling relationship, in the social context of the life of the client. The serious implications of these assumptions are illustrated and discussed. 相似文献
60.
Systematic 24-hr behavioral observations of sleep and wakefulness in a skilled-care nursing facility
Sleep patterns of aged, infirm, demented, chronically institutionalized residents of a skilled-care nursing facility were studied. The purpose of this naturalistic study was to describe sleep and wakefulness (S/W) within the limits afforded by brief behavioral observations and to examine homeostasis and diurnal rhythmicity of S/W as a function of psychoactive drug intake. Observers noted S/W every 15 min, 24 hr a day for 10 days in 24 Ss. Results indicated substantial individual variation in daytime hours. Daily and weekly variation within Ss was minimal. Sleep was least likely near sunset. Ss on psychoactive drugs showed dampened diurnal variation in S/W rhythms. In Ss not on such drugs, there was a suggestion of homeostasis of S/W between sleep during the morning and evening hours. Results are discussed methodologically (viability of approach), theoretically (age-related change in sleep), and practically (potential treatments). 相似文献