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131.
The effect of various grip-tensions on the accuracy of kinaesthetic width judgements was tested. Forty first-year psychology students were used as subjects. Significant differences in accuracy between pressures were found in the descending adjustments with greatest accuracy at 1.0 kg. Some significant differences were found between pressures in ascending adjustments. All subjects overestimated on the descending and underestimated on the ascending trials at all pressure levels. Increased grip-tension was found to reduce the accuracy of width judgement in terms of constant error while affecting varlance only slightly. 相似文献
132.
When people are asked to recollect a former response after having received feedback information, their recollection tends
to approach the feedback answer. This phenomenon is referred to as hindsight bias. Recently, Erdfelder and Buchner proposed
a multinomial model designed to independently measure the contributions of reconstruction and recollection processes. On its
basis, they only found firm evidence for the contribution of reconstruction biases to hindsight effects. In the present study,
we tried to experimentally enhance the probability of recollection biases by (a) reducing the depth of processing of the original
estimate, (b) minimizing the distinctness of the original estimate and feedback, and (c) combining both treatments. The empirical
data were analyzed using a variant of the Erdfelder and Buchner model which allows for the experimental manipulation of the
feedback answer. This model is shown to adequately describe the data of our experiment. Moreover, although both treatments
were effective in that the first one reduced correct recollections in general and the second one diminished differences between
original estimates and recalled estimates, the parameter estimates indicate that the probability of recollecting the original
estimate is not hampered by feedback information, even under conditions which are thought to enhance memory impairments.
Received: 10 December 1995 / Accepted: 29 October 1997 相似文献
133.
GPOWER: A general power analysis program 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
GPOWER is a completely interactive, menu-driven program for IBM-compatible and Apple Macintosh personal computers. It performs high-precision statistical power analyses for the most common statistical tests in behavioral research, that is,t tests,F tests, andχ 2 tests. GPOWER computes (1) power values for given sample sizes, effect sizes andα levels (post hoc power analyses); (2) sample sizes for given effect sizes,α levels, and power values (a priori power analyses); and (3)α andβ values for given sample sizes, effect sizes, andβ/α ratios (compromise power analyses). The program may be used to display graphically the relation between any two of the relevant variables, and it offers the opportunity to compute the effect size measures from basic parameters defining the alternative hypothesis. This article delineates reasons for the development of GPOWER and describes the program’s capabilities and handling. 相似文献
134.
135.
The allocation of memory resources during sentence comprehension: Evidence from the elderly 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Edgar Zurif David Swinney Penny Prather Arthur Wingfield Hiram Brownell 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》1995,24(3):165-182
Two experiments were carried out to examine the ability of elderly subjects to establish syntactically governed dependency relations during the course of sentence comprehension. The findings reveal the manner in which memory constraints operate during syntactic processing. 相似文献
136.
Latent distance analysis provides a probability model for the non-perfect Guttman scale; the restricted latent distance structure is simpler to compute than the general structure. Since no sampling theory for latent structure analysis is available, the advantages of the general structure cannot be expressed formally. The two structures are compared in terms of their fit to fifteen sets of empirical data. The computation schemes used are summarized. 相似文献
137.
Edgar Taschdjian 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》1989,20(1):106-115
Der Ausdruck Soziotektonik bezeichnet das Netzwerk menschlicher Wechselwirkungen, welche durch Symbole und Signale übermittelt werden und die Koordination und Integration verschiedener Sozialsysteme ermöglichen. Jedes Sozialnetzwerk ist zeitbedingt und seine Evolution ist das Ergebnis menschlicher Entscheidungen. Die Entwicklung kann im Rückblick beschrieben werden; im Vorausblick können nur Wahrscheinlichkeitsaussagen gemacht werden. Die Teilsysteme sind nicht hierarchisch untergeordnet, sondern heterarchisch beigeordnet und unterliegen infolgedessen unvereinbaren Einflüssen. Der Grad der möglichen Harmonisierung kann mathematisch-topologisch formuliert werden.
Anmerkung der Herausgeber: Dr. Taschdjian ist am 3. Mai 1988 verstorben. Wir danken seiner Frau, Claire L. Taschdjian, für die Fahnenkorrektur. 相似文献
Anmerkung der Herausgeber: Dr. Taschdjian ist am 3. Mai 1988 verstorben. Wir danken seiner Frau, Claire L. Taschdjian, für die Fahnenkorrektur. 相似文献
138.
Edgar E. Thill 《International journal of psychology》1993,28(6):845-859
Quatre-vingt seize sujets de 7 à 9 ans et de 13 à 15 ans ont travaillé sur un texte dans deux conditions d'implication (ego versus tâche). Après avoir été crédités de feedback de compétence ou d'incompétence, ils furent requis d'inférer leur niveau d'effort, d'évaluer leurs affects (fierté, embarras et culpabilité) et de donner leurs raisons de l'effort mis en jeu (stratégies d'auto-handicap). Les résultats confirment que les adolescents se réfèrent à une conception différenciée de la compétence et de l'effort en situation d'implication de l'Ego, et utilisent une conception moins différenciée dans des conditions d'implication dans la tâche. Les affects résultent eux-mêmes de ces conceptions. Mais les buts d'implication de l'Ego, qui accentuent les menaces pour l'estime de soi, suscitent en retour des stratégies de protection de soi que les individus appliquent effectivement à eux-mêmes. 相似文献
139.
Beth Rosenberg Edgar Zurif Hiram Brownell Merrill Garrett Dianne Bradley 《Brain and language》1985,26(2):287-303
Agrammatic, Broca's aphasic patients, Wernicke's aphasic patients, and neurologically intact control subjects were asked to detect target letters in prose passages and in a scrambled word passage. The targets were embedded, in some instances, in content words (open-class vocabulary items), and in other instances, in function words (closed-class vocabulary items). With respect to the prose passages, both the control subjects and Wernicke's aphasic patients were more apt to notice target letters when they appeared in the open-class items than when in closed-class items; by contrast, the agrammatic Broca's patients showed no vocabulary class detection difference. The Wernicke's patients were not entirely normal, however: Whereas the normal subjects showed a much smaller vocabulary class effect for letter detection in the scrambled condition, the Wernicke's maintained the pattern they had shown in the prose condition. These and other findings obtained on the letter cancellation task are discussed in relation to lexical access mechanisms geared to sentence parsing. 相似文献
140.