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121.
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Edgar Krau 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》1981,18(3):289-303
On the basis of the assumption that career change for immigrants is not generally anticipated and is characterized by status incongruence, this research tested the action of the dissonance model on 89 immigrants who were obliged to prepare for a new occupation. Four coping strategies were found combining high vs low level of self-image and vocational involvement with positive vs negative attitudes toward work and authority figures at the places of work. The comparative efficiency of these strategies was tested—both with regard to an objective vocational criterion and to satisfaction and optimism regarding the future. 相似文献
123.
Male undergraduates completed the Bem Sex RoleInventory (BSRI) as they are (actual), as others thoughtthey should be (ought), as they thought they should beideally (ideal), and then rated the importance of each item. Discrepancy scores were derivedby subtracting actual from either ought (oughtdiscrepancy) or from ideal (ideal discrepancy) andweighting scores by the importance of each item. BSRImasculine items provided the basis for masculinitydiscrepancies, and filler items, for generaldiscrepancies. With only two or three exceptions,participants were Caucasian. Each man competed againsta bogus competitor on a computer version of the Taylorreaction-time aggression paradigm that yielded a measureof both overt (intensity of the noise blast putativelydelivered to the opponent) and covert (noise blastduration) aggression. Men with high masculine"ought" discrepancies engaged in morecovert-and not more overt — aggression than didlows, an effect not moderated by provocation level.Those with high masculinity scores were more overtly aggressive than werelow masculinity men. 相似文献
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Edgar F Borgatta Robert N Ford George W Bohrnstedt 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》1973,3(3):253-268
Based on the work of Herzberg and associates 1959 a bi-polar measure of work orientation vs hygienic orientation was constructed. In addition to providing reliability estimates, the convergent and discriminant validity is shown through correlation of the measure with other measures of work motivation, personality measures, values, and abilities. Finally, criterion-related validity is shown by correlating the new measure with supervisor's ratings of how long it will take newly hired college graduates to reach the third level of management. 相似文献
127.
The structure of the coronary prone behavior syndrome was mapped onto the personality trait domain with a sample of 222 adult men and women (mean age=31). The subjects completed the Sixteen Personality Factor (16PF) and the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) questionnaires and canonical correlation analysis was used to derive the structure of common variance between the two sets of scales. Coronary prone behavior, when viewed within personality source trait structure, can be thought of as heavily influenced by anxiety and extraversion. Additional regression analyses were conducted to analyze interdomain relationships among the 16PF and JAS. 相似文献
128.
Michael Cicone Wendy Wapner Nancy Foldi Edgar Zurif Howard Gardner 《Brain and language》1979,8(3):324-349
Effective communication in aphasia depends not only on use of preserved linguistic capacities but also (and perhaps primarily) on the capacity to exploit alternative modalities of communication, such as gesture. To ascertain the capacity of aphasic patients to use gesture in their spontaneous communication, informally structured interviews were conducted with two Wernicke's aphasics and two Broca's aphasics, as well as with four normal controls. The performances of the patient groups were compared on the physical parameters of gesture, the points in the communication where gestures occurred, and several facets of the semantics and pragmatics of gesture. Generally speaking, the gestures of the aphasics closely paralleled their speech output: on most indices, the performance of the Wernicke's aphasics more closely resembled that of the normal controls. Wernicke's aphasics differed from normals in the clarity of their language and gestures: While individual linguistic units were often clear, the relation among units was not. In contrast, the Broca's aphasics equaled or surpassed the normal controls in the clarity of their communications. The results offer little support for the view that aphasic patients spontaneously enhance their communicative efficacy through the use of gesture; these findings can, however, be interpreted as evidence in favor of a “central organizer” which controls critical features of communication, irrespective of the modality of expression. 相似文献
129.
In tasks as diverse as stock market predictions and jury deliberations, a person's feelings of confidence in the appropriateness of different choices often impact that person's final choice. The current study examines the mathematical modeling of confidence calibration in a simple dual-choice task. Experiments are motivated by an accumulator model, which proposes that information supporting each alternative accrues on separate counters. The observer responds in favor of whichever alternative's counter first hits a designated threshold. Confidence can then be scaled from the difference between the counters at the time that the observer makes a response. The authors examine the overconfidence result in general and present new findings dealing with the effect of response bias on confidence calibration. 相似文献
130.