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131.
GPOWER: A general power analysis program 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
GPOWER is a completely interactive, menu-driven program for IBM-compatible and Apple Macintosh personal computers. It performs high-precision statistical power analyses for the most common statistical tests in behavioral research, that is,t tests,F tests, andχ 2 tests. GPOWER computes (1) power values for given sample sizes, effect sizes andα levels (post hoc power analyses); (2) sample sizes for given effect sizes,α levels, and power values (a priori power analyses); and (3)α andβ values for given sample sizes, effect sizes, andβ/α ratios (compromise power analyses). The program may be used to display graphically the relation between any two of the relevant variables, and it offers the opportunity to compute the effect size measures from basic parameters defining the alternative hypothesis. This article delineates reasons for the development of GPOWER and describes the program’s capabilities and handling. 相似文献
132.
133.
The allocation of memory resources during sentence comprehension: Evidence from the elderly 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Edgar Zurif David Swinney Penny Prather Arthur Wingfield Hiram Brownell 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》1995,24(3):165-182
Two experiments were carried out to examine the ability of elderly subjects to establish syntactically governed dependency relations during the course of sentence comprehension. The findings reveal the manner in which memory constraints operate during syntactic processing. 相似文献
134.
Latent distance analysis provides a probability model for the non-perfect Guttman scale; the restricted latent distance structure is simpler to compute than the general structure. Since no sampling theory for latent structure analysis is available, the advantages of the general structure cannot be expressed formally. The two structures are compared in terms of their fit to fifteen sets of empirical data. The computation schemes used are summarized. 相似文献
135.
Edgar Taschdjian 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》1989,20(1):106-115
Der Ausdruck Soziotektonik bezeichnet das Netzwerk menschlicher Wechselwirkungen, welche durch Symbole und Signale übermittelt werden und die Koordination und Integration verschiedener Sozialsysteme ermöglichen. Jedes Sozialnetzwerk ist zeitbedingt und seine Evolution ist das Ergebnis menschlicher Entscheidungen. Die Entwicklung kann im Rückblick beschrieben werden; im Vorausblick können nur Wahrscheinlichkeitsaussagen gemacht werden. Die Teilsysteme sind nicht hierarchisch untergeordnet, sondern heterarchisch beigeordnet und unterliegen infolgedessen unvereinbaren Einflüssen. Der Grad der möglichen Harmonisierung kann mathematisch-topologisch formuliert werden.
Anmerkung der Herausgeber: Dr. Taschdjian ist am 3. Mai 1988 verstorben. Wir danken seiner Frau, Claire L. Taschdjian, für die Fahnenkorrektur. 相似文献
Anmerkung der Herausgeber: Dr. Taschdjian ist am 3. Mai 1988 verstorben. Wir danken seiner Frau, Claire L. Taschdjian, für die Fahnenkorrektur. 相似文献
136.
Edgar E. Thill 《International journal of psychology》1993,28(6):845-859
Quatre-vingt seize sujets de 7 à 9 ans et de 13 à 15 ans ont travaillé sur un texte dans deux conditions d'implication (ego versus tâche). Après avoir été crédités de feedback de compétence ou d'incompétence, ils furent requis d'inférer leur niveau d'effort, d'évaluer leurs affects (fierté, embarras et culpabilité) et de donner leurs raisons de l'effort mis en jeu (stratégies d'auto-handicap). Les résultats confirment que les adolescents se réfèrent à une conception différenciée de la compétence et de l'effort en situation d'implication de l'Ego, et utilisent une conception moins différenciée dans des conditions d'implication dans la tâche. Les affects résultent eux-mêmes de ces conceptions. Mais les buts d'implication de l'Ego, qui accentuent les menaces pour l'estime de soi, suscitent en retour des stratégies de protection de soi que les individus appliquent effectivement à eux-mêmes. 相似文献
137.
Beth Rosenberg Edgar Zurif Hiram Brownell Merrill Garrett Dianne Bradley 《Brain and language》1985,26(2):287-303
Agrammatic, Broca's aphasic patients, Wernicke's aphasic patients, and neurologically intact control subjects were asked to detect target letters in prose passages and in a scrambled word passage. The targets were embedded, in some instances, in content words (open-class vocabulary items), and in other instances, in function words (closed-class vocabulary items). With respect to the prose passages, both the control subjects and Wernicke's aphasic patients were more apt to notice target letters when they appeared in the open-class items than when in closed-class items; by contrast, the agrammatic Broca's patients showed no vocabulary class detection difference. The Wernicke's patients were not entirely normal, however: Whereas the normal subjects showed a much smaller vocabulary class effect for letter detection in the scrambled condition, the Wernicke's maintained the pattern they had shown in the prose condition. These and other findings obtained on the letter cancellation task are discussed in relation to lexical access mechanisms geared to sentence parsing. 相似文献
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139.
de Paula JJ Moreira L Nicolato R de Marco LA Côrrea H Romano-Silva MA de Moraes EN Bicalho MA Malloy-Diniz LF 《Psychological reports》2012,110(2):477-488
The Tower of London (TOL) is used for evaluating planning skills, which is a component of the executive functions. Different versions and scoring criteria were developed for this task, and some of them present with different psychometrical properties. This study aimed to evaluate two specific scoring methods of the TOL in diagnosing Mild Cognitive Impairment and probable Alzheimer's disease. The TOL total scores from 60 patients of each diagnosis were compared with the performance of 60 healthy-aged controls using receiver operating characteristics analysis and multinomial logistic regression. Krikorian method better diagnosed Alzheimer's disease, while Portellas's was better at discriminating healthy controls from Mild Cognitive Impairment, but were not efficient at comparing this last group with Alzheimer's patients. Regression analysis indicates that in addition to screening tests, TOL improves the classification of the three groups. The results suggest the two scoring methods used for this task may be useful for different diagnostic purposes. 相似文献
140.
Surveys on sensitive issues provide distorted prevalence estimates when participants fail to respond truthfully. The randomized-response
technique (RRT) encourages more honest responding by adding random noise to responses, thereby removing any direct link between
a participant’s response and his or her true status with regard to a sensitive attribute. However, in spite of the increased
confidentiality, some respondents still refuse to disclose sensitive attitudes or behaviors. To remedy this problem, we propose
an extension of Mangat’s (Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B, 56, 93–95, 1994) variant of the RRT that allows for determining whether participants respond truthfully. This method offers the genuine advantage
of providing undistorted prevalence estimates for sensitive attributes even if respondents fail to respond truthfully. We
show how to implement the method using both closed-form equations and easily accessible free software for multinomial processing
tree models. Moreover, we report the results of two survey experiments that provide evidence for the validity of our extension
of Mangat’s RRT approach. 相似文献