Separation of politics and morality: a commentary on Analects of Confucius

Confucians emphasizes and values morality, hence observers tended to regard moralities as politics so that the independent politics in the Confucian tradition has become implicit. Through a perusal of the Analects of Confucius, we can find that ethics and politics were separated from and independent of each other to Confucius, the primitive Confucian: he did not substitute ethics for politics. __________ Translated from Nanjing Shifan Daxue Wenxueyuan Xuebao 南京师范大学文学院学报 (Journal of School of Chinese at Nanjing Normal University) by Huang Deyuan     

大学生对心理健康必备能力的认知

本研究以200名大学生为被试,以访谈及问卷的方式对大学生心理健康必备能力的认知进行了调查研究,并建立了大学生心理健康必备能力认知结构模型,结果表明:大学生所认知的自己心理健康必备能力由自我调控、社会应对、学习和人际交往这四个方面的能力组成,它们彼此独立,但又相互关联。     

医学的“死亡”背景与现代医学对死亡的遗忘

人是一种承担着有死性的存在物,一切从人出发并为了人的事业都必须在"人固有一死"的背景中进行。首先阐述了死亡对于医学的背景意义:死亡是人类面临的客观的、必要的限制,关于死亡的立场对于医学具有源始性与优先性,最后从三个方面揭示了当代医学对于死亡的立场:遗忘。     

孔门三弟子比较论说

孔门十哲,出类拔萃者莫若颜回、子贡、子路,且此三人之身世、性情、才具、道德修为和成就各有风华,但又殊途同归：共同维护了孔门。光大了儒家。孔子称得上是中华民族几千年来最为伟大的教育家,颜回、子贡、子路三人各方面的修为和成就,莫不大大受惠于夫子有教无类、因材施教的卓越的教育理论和教育方式。三人也没有辜负孔子的教导,以身垂范,较好地诠释了孔子儒家所宣扬的“仁、智、勇”;并与其师一道,在乱世中矢志不渝,坚守道义,追求理想,为儒学的传播和繁荣做出了重要的贡献。     

辩证情绪:研究方法及展望

有关辩证情绪的实证研究已经成为情绪研究中的一个新的热点问题,并从一个本土心理学的研究领域演变为主流心理学的研究课题。辩证情绪是指积极和消极情绪的共存。文章对辩证情绪的研究方法进行了回顾,主要包括辩证情绪研究范式的演变、辩证情绪的诱发方法、辩证情绪的测量方法以及辩证情绪的计算方法,并对不同的研究方法的优缺点及其贡献进行了比较和分析。最后,文章对辩证情绪研究方法的未来发展提出了展望。     

The Development of a Scale for Evaluating Creative Culinary Products

The purpose of this study was to develop a “Scale for Evaluating Creative Culinary Products” based on the nature of these products. We adopted the Consensual Assessment Technique (CAT) to establish the credibility of the scale. The scale comprises 8 categories: professional technique; aroma, taste, and texture; color; modeling and arrangement; garnish; dishware; handling of ingredients; and overall assessment. There are 34 assessment criteria for these 8 categories. Nine culinary experts were invited to evaluate, by means of these criteria, the products of 28 college students studying Chinese cuisine. The degree of interjudge reliability was .98, and the correlation between each criterion and the total scale was between .578 and .856. Through confirmatory factor analysis, the scale was demonstrated to possess a high degree of validity.     

Object-centered representations support flexible exogenous visual attention across translation and reflection

Visual attention can be deployed to stimuli based on our willful, top-down goal (endogenous attention) or on their intrinsic saliency against the background (exogenous attention). Flexibility is thought to be a hallmark of endogenous attention, whereas decades of research show that exogenous attention is attracted to the retinotopic locations of the salient stimuli. However, to the extent that salient stimuli in the natural environment usually form specific spatial relations with the surrounding context and are dynamic, exogenous attention, to be adaptive, should embrace these structural regularities. Here we test a non-retinotopic, object-centered mechanism in exogenous attention, in which exogenous attention is dynamically attracted to a relative, object-centered location. Using a moving frame configuration, we presented two frames in succession, forming either apparent translational motion or in mirror reflection, with a completely uninformative, transient cue presented at one of the item locations in the first frame. Despite that the cue is presented in a spatially separate frame, in both translation and mirror reflection, behavioralperformance in visual search is enhanced when the target in the second frame appears at the same relative location as the cue location than at other locations. These results provide unambiguous evidence for non-retinotopic exogenous attention and further reveal an object-centered mechanism supporting flexible exogenous attention. Moreover, attentional generalization across mirror reflection may constitute an attentional correlate of perceptual generalization across lateral mirror images, supporting an adaptive, functional account of mirror images confusion.     

Boys’ and girls’ involvement in science learning and their self‐efficacy in Taiwan

This cross‐sectional study investigated the significant differences in students’ self‐efficacy and their involvement in learning science. Nine hundred and twenty‐two elementary school fifth graders, 499 junior high school eighth graders, and 1455 senior or vocational high school eleventh graders completed the students’ questionnaire. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and independent t‐tests compared the significant similarities and differences across school levels and genders. The initial findings were as follows: A sharp decline in boys’ and girls’ self‐efficacy scores from elementary to secondary school levels; boys have significantly higher self‐efficacy scores than girls at vocational and senior high school levels; students with more involvement in science learning presented significantly higher self‐efficacy scores than those with less involvement. The significant discrepancies in terms of gender and age in students’ self‐efficacy and involvement in learning science need to be addressed. Implications and limitations are provided.     

Childhood Abuse and Neglect in an Outpatient Clinical Sample: Prevalence and Impact

The study examined the prevalence of five types of childhood trauma in a sample of adult clients (n = 497) as well as their long-term relation to trauma symptoms in adulthood. Results showed a high prevalence of abuse and neglect with emotional abuse and neglect being the most common ones. Emotional abuse was the best and strongest predictor of trauma symptoms in adulthood, including anxiety, depression, defensive avoidance, as well as internal confusion and emptiness. The results indicated that experience of emotional abuse is no less significant than that of physical and sexual abuse in its long-term impact. Clinical implication was provided.     

The Association Between Adult Attachment Styles and Conflict Resolution in Romantic Relationships

This study examined whether adult attachment was predictive of conflict resolution behaviors and satisfaction in romantic relationships. It adopted a two-dimensional conceptualization for both adult attachment style (model of self, model of others) and conflict resolution behaviors (concern for self, concern for others). Both adult attachment dimensions, Avoidance and Anxiety, were predictive of conflict resolution behaviors and relationship satisfaction. Gender differences existed in conflict resolution behaviors, but they were not as strong a predictor as attachment characteristics of conflict resolution and relationship satisfaction. No gender differences were found in attachment styles.