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171.
The complexity of psychological science often requires the collection and analysis of multidimensional data. Such data bring about a corresponding cognitive load that has led scientists to develop techniques of scientific visualization to ease the burden. This paper provides an introduction to scientific visualization techniques, a framework for understanding those techniques, and an assessment of the suitability of this approach for psychology. The framework employed builds on the notion of balancingnoise andsmooth in statistical analysis. 相似文献
172.
Trevor T.‐J. Chong Valerie Bonnelle Kai‐Riin Veromann Julius Juurmaa Pille Taba Olivia Plant Masud Husain 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2018,12(2):291-297
Methcathinone‐induced Parkinsonism is a recently described extrapyramidal syndrome characterized by globus pallidus and substantia nigra lesions, which provides a unique model of basal ganglia dysfunction. We assessed motivated behaviour in this condition using a novel cost‐benefit decision‐making task, in which participants decided whether it was worth investing effort for reward. Patients showed a dissociation between reward and effort sensitivity, such that pallidonigral complex dysfunction caused them to become less sensitive to rewards, while normal sensitivity to effort costs was maintained. 相似文献
173.
This study examined the role of congruity in couples' social support behaviors on relational outcomes. Participants (N = 123 couples, Mage = 26.91, SD = 8.46) completed surveys on relationship satisfaction and discord. Positive and negative behaviors were then observed during supportive interactions. Results revealed that the detrimental effect of negative behaviors on satisfaction was buffered by a partner's engagement in fewer negative behaviors or intensified by more negative behaviors. Further, the beneficial effect of positive behaviors on reducing discord was amplified by a partner's engagement in more positive behaviors or offset by fewer positive behaviors. Last, the detrimental effect of negative behaviors on discord was buffered by a partner's engagement in more positive behaviors. These findings highlight the complex nature of dyadic relationships and provide insights for developing interventions focused on improving romantic relationship quality. 相似文献
174.
Eddie M. W. Tong Cindy R. M. Tan Nareeman A. Latheef Mohammad F. B. Selamat Dennis K. B. Tan 《European journal of social psychology》2008,38(4):601-611
This study examined the hypotheses that positive mood enhances conformity and that negative mood reduces it. Participants were induced to feel positive, neutral, or negative moods and then answered, in private, six mathematical questions. They observed that wrong answers were unanimously given by five bogus participants for three of the questions. Conformity was measured by whether they indicated the erroneous answers given by these bogus participants in these three questions. The results were supportive of the hypothesis. The current results are consistent with past findings about mood differences in heuristic versus elaborative processing. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
175.
Research has suggested that individual differences in behavioral approach sensitivity (BAS) are related to state and trait anger [Carver, C. S. (2004). Negative affects deriving from the behavioral approach system. Emotion, 4, 3–22; Harmon-Jones, E. (2003a). Clarifying the emotive functions of asymmetrical frontal cortical activity. Psychophysiology, 40, 838–848; Harmon-Jones, E. (2003b). Anger and the behavioural approach system. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 995–1005]. The present research sought to extend this past work by testing whether individual differences in BAS would relate to aggressive inclinations, particularly when approach motivation was situationally primed. Results supported predictions, and thus suggest, contrary to several perspectives (e.g., [Gray, J. A. (1990). Brain systems that mediate both emotion and cognition. Cognition & Emotion, 4(3), 269–288; Watson, D. (2000). Mood and temperament. New York: Guilford Press]), that BAS is involved in more than just positive emotional experiences and behaviors. 相似文献
176.
Crystal X. Tan Rebecca P. Ang Robert M. Klassen Lay See Yeo Isabella Y. F. Wong Vivien S. Huan Wan Har Chong 《Current Psychology》2008,27(2):135-144
This study examined correlates of academic procrastination and students’ grade goals in a sample of 226 undergraduates from
Singapore. Findings indicated that self-efficacy for self-regulated learning was significantly and negatively related to procrastination.
High self-efficacy for self-regulated learning also predicted students’ expectations of doing well and low self-efficacy for
self-regulated learning predicted students’ expectations of not doing well academically. Additionally, help-seeking predicted
students’ expectations of doing well academically while academic stress predicted students’ expectations of not doing well
academically. Implications for education and educational practice were discussed.
This project was partially supported by the Undergraduate Research Experience on Campus (URECA) program from Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore. 相似文献
177.
Harmon-Jones E Harmon-Jones C Fearn M Sigelman JD Johnson P 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2008,94(1):1-15
The action-based model of dissonance predicts that following decisional commitment, approach-oriented motivational processes occur to assist in translating the decision into effective and unconflicted behavior. Therefore, the modulation of these approach-oriented processes should affect the degree to which individuals change their attitudes to be more consistent with the decisional commitment (spreading of alternatives). Experiment 1 demonstrated that a neurofeedback-induced decrease in relative left frontal cortical activation, which has been implicated in approach motivational processes, caused a reduction in spreading of alternatives. Experiment 2 manipulated an action-oriented mindset following a decision and demonstrated that the action-oriented mindset caused increased activation in the left frontal cortical region as well as increased spreading of alternatives. Discussion focuses on how this integration of neuroscience and dissonance theory benefits both parent literatures. 相似文献
178.
Muscle activities at 15 sites were compared within a group of healthy young adults to evaluate their relative intensities during six abdominal exercises: partial and full sit-ups on a firm surface (floor) and on an exercise ball that was either stabilized or unstabilized. The most strenuous abdominal exercise overall (i.e., whole body workout) was the full sit-up on a firm surface which included significant muscle activities in the lower extremities. Exercise intensity was also high in the full and partial sit-ups when performed on a ball. The partial sit-up on the floor was the least strenuous of the six exercises. The greatest effect on the abdominal muscles was observed in the partial sit-up on a ball (stabilized and unstabilized). Results suggest that, although abdominal exercises on a ball may be gentler on the hip and lower back, overall exercise intensity is not necessarily lower than that on the floor. Moreover, partial sit-ups, both on the floor and on a ball, also required greater neck muscle activities than full sit-ups. In deciding what type of sit-up to do, exercise surface and different muscular activities between the partial and full sit-ups should be considered. 相似文献
179.
本文从解释"本生"内涵着墨,着重考察莫高窟第257窟北魏壁画<鹿王本生>这则故事画的艺术特点,通过分析相关研究成果,力求对此画构图、山水等重要问题做出新的解读:即画工匠人在创作过程中遵循佛教艺术"象征主义"的同时,不断加入个人的理解和想象,将时代生活与审美情趣渗透其中,使得外来佛教艺术逐渐地形成印度、边疆、汉地等多种因素有机结合的中国化佛教艺术特征. 相似文献
180.
Lay See Yeo Rebecca P. Ang Wan Har Chong Vivien S. Huan Choon Lang Quek 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2008,27(3):192-204
This paper focused on the efficacy of Singapore teachers who teach low achieving adolescent students. Three dimensions of
self-reported teacher efficacy—instructional strategies, classroom management, and student engagement—were examined in relation
to teacher attributes and the teacher–student relationship. Data were obtained from the Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale Tschannen-Moran
and Woolfolk Hoy (Teaching and Teacher Education 17:783–805, 2001) and the Teacher–Student Relationship Scale Ang (The Journal of Experimental Education 74:55–73, 2005). Significant differences between novice teachers and experienced teachers emerged in teacher efficacy beliefs in relation
to instructional strategies, classroom management, and student engagement. Conflict in teacher–student relationship was found
to predict teacher efficacy for teachers of low achieving students. Implications for teachers’ professional development were
discussed. 相似文献