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111.
Abbe M. Garcia Jennifer B. Freeman Michael B. Himle Noah C. Berman Alexandra K. Ogata Janet Ng Molly L. Choate-Summers Henrietta Leonard 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(2):104-111
This paper describes the phenomenological features of early childhood onset obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD; defined as
children meeting DSM-IV criteria for OCD with age of onset <8 years). Fifty-eight children (ages 4–8) were included in the
sample. OCD and comorbid diagnoses were determined by structured interview, and OCD severity was measured using the Children’s
Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS). Mean age of OCD onset was almost five, and mean age of presentation was between
6 and 7. Mean symptom severity was in the moderately severe range. Comorbidity and family history of OCD were common. Contamination
and aggressive/catastrophic obsessions and washing and checking compulsions were endorsed most frequently. Results indicate
that early childhood onset OCD may have a lower boy to girl ratio and lower rates of depressive disorders, but may be similar
to later childhood onset OCD in terms of OCD symptom presentation and severity. 相似文献
112.
Chi‐Shing Tse Jeanette Altarriba 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2009,100(1):91-109
The present study examined the roles of word concreteness and word valence in the immediate serial recall task. Emotion words (e.g. happy) were used to investigate these effects. Participants completed study‐test trials with seven‐item study lists consisting of positive or negative words with either high or low concreteness (Experiments 1 and 2) and neutral (i.e. non‐emotion) words with either high or low concreteness (Experiment 2). For neutral words, the typical word concreteness effect (concrete words are better recalled than abstract words) was replicated. For emotion words, the effect occurred for positive words, but not for negative words. While the word concreteness effect was stronger for neutral words than for negative words, it was not different for the neutral words and the positive words. We conclude that both word valence and word concreteness simultaneously contribute to the item and order retention of emotion words and discuss how Hulme et al.'s (1997) item redintegration account can be modified to explain these findings. 相似文献
113.
Eddie M. W. Tong George D. Bishop Hwee Chong Enkelmann Yong Peng Why Siew Maan Diong Majeed Khader Jansen Ang 《Journal of personality》2009,77(4):1103-1136
ABSTRACT In light of the lack of studies examining the cognitive components of affective chronometry, this research examined the appraisals associated with emotion habituation, using anger as the emotion of focus. Anger and its appraisals were assessed repeatedly over a day in the participants' naturalistic contexts. The trajectory of decline in anger over time after its first appearance was found to be a function of chronic coping styles. More importantly, the trajectories of anger-related appraisals generally corresponded to that of anger and were also moderated by coping styles in ways consistent with the moderating effects of coping styles on anger. Implications of these results for affective chronometry research and for appraisal research are discussed. 相似文献
114.
This study meta-analytically reviews the influence of individuals' dispositional negative affectivity (NA) and positive affectivity (PA) on a broad range of work-related outcomes grouped into 3 categories: (a) work attitudes; (b) workplace experiences; and (c) work behavior. Across cumulative studies, it was found that NA and PA demonstrated significant effects on most of these outcomes. Moreover, we found some interesting differences in NA's and PA's relationships with work outcomes. Specifically, while NA had more influence on variables pertinent to work stressors (e.g., role problems), PA demonstrated a stronger effect on variables related to positive job and organizational context (e.g., job autonomy, procedural justice). Implications for theory advancement and future research in this area are discussed. 相似文献
115.
社会认知复杂性的量化指标及其关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在Kelly个人构念理论的基础上,Bieri提出用构念的分化程度衡量个体社会认知复杂性的思路,并具体用从不同构念上评价每个角色时评分的匹配个数作为复杂性的最化指标。此后,研究者从不同分析思路提出了一系列新的复杂性指标,如根据对构念的相关分析所得组内相关、RMS、SMC等,基于因素分析所得第一因素解释率、主要因素个数及其解释率等,冲突分析所得整体冲突百分比,此外还有MPP、LPP、ASO等各种Fiedler分数。本研究以402名初中一二年级青少年为被试。采用库格测验收集数据,以Gridstat4.0、Excel、SPSSl0.0等软件统计数据,分析了上述各种复杂性指标的内在关联,为同类研究选择使用这些指标提供了依据。 相似文献
116.
The prevalence of suicidal ideation and its relations with perceived parenting treatment and family climate was examined in 120 Hong Kong students aged 15–19 years. Fifty‐two per cent of the participants reported suicide ideation. Suicide ideation was found to be significantly associated with perceived authoritarian parenting, low parental warmth, high maternal over‐control, negative child‐rearing practices, and a negative family climate. A positive family climate may act as a buffer against developing suicide ideation in adolescents. 相似文献
117.
118.
Do Additional Features Help or Hurt Category Learning? The Curse of Dimensionality in Human Learners
The curse of dimensionality, which has been widely studied in statistics and machine learning, occurs when additional features cause the size of the feature space to grow so quickly that learning classification rules becomes increasingly difficult. How do people overcome the curse of dimensionality when acquiring real‐world categories that have many different features? Here we investigate the possibility that the structure of categories can help. We show that when categories follow a family resemblance structure, people are unaffected by the presence of additional features in learning. However, when categories are based on a single feature, they fall prey to the curse, and having additional irrelevant features hurts performance. We compare and contrast these results to three different computational models to show that a model with limited computational capacity best captures human performance across almost all of the conditions in both experiments. 相似文献
119.
Sidney Rosen Susan E. Mickler Wai Hing Cheuk William D. McIntosh Thomas F. Harlow Patrick Rawa Winona Cochran 《Current Psychology》1996,15(2):99-112
Two experiments support and extend the thesis that rejection of their help is stressful for would-be helpers, and that it
leads to “damage controlling” reactions whose eventual goal is to restore their self-image of being efficacious at helping
and caring. American college students were invited to offer help, if they wished, to a poorly performing (confederate) recipient
who then either rejected or accepted it. Rejected helpers expressed relatively negative affect, biased postdictions of low
acceptance, claims of low decision control, recipient- and self-devaluation, and less desire for further association. Individual
differences in self-perceived “efficacious caring” and manipulated level of recipient need were shown to moderate some of
these outcome reactions. Violated expectancy of acceptance was shown to mediate some of these reactions. Studies were cited
showing the generalizability of these findings and theoretical framework to applied contexts and across cultural settings. 相似文献
120.
先天性色觉异常的特性及检查方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文简单介绍了各种先天性色觉异常的特性及常用的色觉检查方法。不同类型的先天性色觉异常在颜色匹配、光谱感受性、色差辨别等方面均表现出不同的特点,色觉检查方法就是在这些特点的基础上,根据异常者的某一色觉缺陷设计的。常用的检查方法有假同色图测验,色相排列测验和色盲镜等。一般来说,不同的检查方法各有所长,并应用于临床的不同阶段 相似文献