The ethic of “responsible drinking”

Age‐specific prohibition of drinking has made possible the study of the conditions under which agents of control enforce an unpopular rule. This study examined enforcement of drinking rules at a large urban university. Research in three freshman residence halls over 3 academic years revealed a situational ethic of “responsible drinking.” Residential assistants (RAs) initially enforced the rule against drinking in the residence halls strictly. Then, in time, RAs devised three personal styles of enforcement of the ethic of responsible drinking. They were either “by‐the‐book,” “laid‐back,” or “in‐between.” RAs were less apt to report freshman residents who did not come to their attention, who drank quietly behind closed doors. Periodically, RAs patrolled all floors in the building. RAs were more apt to write up residents of floors other than their own for violation of the no‐drinking rule. Thus, “patterned evasion” outside residence halls recurred inside. The extent to which RAs evaded the norms of their position varied with their interests in enforcement and the degree to which they were able to manage the “friend‐RA” role conflict.     

Diferencias individuales en cognición: una nueva aproximación a la inteligencia

RESUMEN

El hecho de las diferencias individuales en el funcionamiento mental es una realidad. Su amplitud y naturaleza tiene unas consecuencias tan importantes en nuestra cultura que hace que la sociedad demande una forma de medir la inteligencia. No obstante algunos psicólogos opinan que los tests de inteligencia son un instrumento de medida que no representa adecuadamente un modelo formal de la dinámica de los procesos de pensamiento. Este artículo consiste en una serie de argumentos teóricos y empíricos contra la separación de los tests y las teorías cognitivas. Se piensa, en este artículo, que se pueden producir substanciales beneficios del acercamiento entre el psicólogo experimental y el psicómetra; los datos disponibles indican cómo se puede producir este acercamiento.     

A history of my animus dreaming,waking

In a recent episode of the TV series Star Trek: The Next Generation, Captain Jean-Luc Picard and the crew of the starship Enterprise land surreptitiously on a distant planet. When they are discovered by the humanoid inhabitants, who have webbed feet and toes and a raised ridge on their foreheads, the human invaders explain that their mission is to assist planetary cultures like theirs when they are ready to begin space travel.     

Modifying driver behaviour with passenger feedback

A feedback programme was employed to help drivers improve their safety behaviour based on the idea that particular types of driver error result from contingency traps as defined by Fuller [Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis, 24 (1991) 73]. Two drivers and their single respective passengers participated. For each driver, repeated in-car observations were made of four unsafe driving behaviours. Two of these were sequentially targeted in the behavioural intervention that involved the passengers providing informational feedback to their driver. Both drivers showed a marked improvement across the targeted behaviours. The study demonstrated the applicability of behaviour analysis to the traffic domain and the efficacy of individual feedback as a behavioural tool for positive behaviour modification.     

Journal of Counseling & Development (JCD) and Counseling's Interwoven Nature: Achieving a More Complete Understanding of the Present Through “Historization” (Musings of an Exiting Editor—An Editorial Postscript)

In this brief opinion piece, the author retraces the relationship of JCD and the history of counseling to isolate essential elements of counseling's unique approach. The author contends that to overlook the role of past events and past contributors deprives one of a more complete professional understanding of counseling, because each passing moment is largely a creation of those past events that possess a dynamic, systemic nature that has become actualized in present time.