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1.
Douglas B. Eamon 《Behavior research methods》1992,24(2):174-179
Modern spreadsheets are powerful and useful tools that can often replace special-purpose programs for generating data and for student analysis of simple statistical problems. The inherent flexibility of spreadsheets makes them especially convenient and extensible. Several templates for generating and analyzing data fort tests and analysis of variance are discussed. Users can specify then, \(\bar X\) , andSD of two or more groups and then execute macros that generate appropriate data. Overwriting the generated data with “real” values turns the spreadsheet into a data analysis program. Spreadsheets hold promise as valuable instructional supplements for simple designs, but they are less suitable for more complex designs, where special-purpose programs may be more appropriate. 相似文献
2.
This paper presents 10 general observations about current software for instruction in psychology and examines selected examples employing four instructional techniques for computer-assisted instruction. We find that although the number of programs employing experimental or data-oriented approaches to psychology as a primary vehicle of instruction is increasing, tutorial drill and practice programs and gaming are not well represented. 相似文献
3.
Douglas B. Eamon 《Behavior research methods》1984,16(2):168-171
The need for common pedagogical and design features in courseware is discussed. A particularly useful feature would allow use of courseware in either of two “modes”: as an “electronic chalkboard” for the instructor who wishes to take advantage of the computer in a traditional lecture setting, or as an “electronic study guide” in which students interact individually with the programs. Development of programs using these two modes can be facilitated using Author-Assist, a set of routines and a program skeleton being developed by CONDUIT (1983). Author-Assist provides procedures for use of several types of automatic menu generation, automatic text formatting in “text ports,” mixed text and graphics, protected input routines, lowercase characters in text, automatic scaling of graphic displays using “graphports,” on-screen calculator functions, and a variety of other features. 相似文献
4.
In the aftermath of several school shooting incidents in recent years, students’ perceptions of unsafe schools has been a
major concern for parents, teachers, school officials, school practitioners, and policy-makers. Using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological
systems framework, we examined the micro-, meso-, and exosystem level factors associated with perceptions of unsafe school
environments in a nationally representative sample of 10- to 15-year-old youth in the United States. We found that for the
socio-demographic characteristics, students who were older, male, and poor had increased risks of perceiving higher levels
of unsafe school environments. Within the microsystem of the family, our results indicate that parent-youth discussions of
school activities/events decreased the risk of students perceiving unsafe schools. All of the school environment variables—ease
of making friends, teachers’ involvement, observed weapon carrying, and school rule enforcement—were related in the expected
direction to students’ perceiving their schools as unsafe. At the mesosystem level, findings from our study demonstrate that
variables measuring parental school involvement were unrelated to perceptions of school safety. Finally, at the exosystem
level, we found that students’ perceptions of residing in a safer neighborhood and residence in a non-central city metropolitan
area, compared with a central city, decreased the odds of perceiving school environments as unsafe. School policy and practice
implications are discussed. 相似文献
5.
Ana Seara-Cardoso Craig NeumannJonathan Roiser Eamon McCroryEssi Viding 《Personality and individual differences》2012,52(1):67-71
Although atypical moral and empathy processing are considered core features of psychopathic personality, little is known about how these constructs are associated with psychopathic traits in the general population. One-hundred and twenty-four adult males from the community were administered the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale 4 Short Form, as well as a wide battery of affect, empathy and morality tasks and questionnaires. Our findings indicate that both core affective-interpersonal, as well as lifestyle-antisocial features of psychopathy are associated with weaker empathic responses to fearful faces. However, only the unique variance of the affective-interpersonal features is associated with weaker empathic response to happy stories, lower propensity to feel empathic concern and less difficulty in making decisions on moral dilemmas. In contrast, the unique variance of the lifestyle-antisocial features is associated with greater propensity to feel empathic concern. These preliminary findings extend previous research and suggest that, while the joint variance between affective-interpersonal and lifestyle-antisocial features might drive some ‘deficits’ associated with psychopathy, there also appears also to be unique ‘deficits’ associated with the core affective-interpersonal features, particularly in relation to affective aspects of moral processing. 相似文献
6.
Recent studies have shown that the basic evaluative conditioning (EC) effect (originally neutral stimuli acquiring an affective value congruent with the valence of the affective stimulus they were paired with) seems to be limited to participants who are unaware of the stimulus pairings. If participants are aware of the pairings, reactance effects occur (i.e., changes in the opposite direction of the valence of the affective stimulus). To examine whether these reactance effects are due to processes of conscious countercontrol or whether the ratings reflect intrinsic feelings towards the stimuli, a new procedure was developed that included a bogus‐pipeline condition. In this procedure, which was adapted from attitude research, participants were connected to bogus lie detector equipment leading them to believe that their “true” affective‐evaluative responses were being observed. In Experiment 1, reactance effects occurred also in this procedure, suggesting that the effect is spontaneous and not due to processes of conscious countercontrol. In Experiment 2, these effects were replicated using a between‐subjects design in addition to the standard within‐subjects control condition. 相似文献
7.
Douglas B. Eamon 《Behavior research methods》1988,20(2):224-230
Machine language routines, which can provide many useful and unusual applications for BASIC, run faster than BASIC and usually occupy less memory than comparable BASIC routines. Examples of two types of easy-to-use enhancements to Applesoft BASIC are described. The first type consists of integrated collections of enhancements and extensions that are used as a group. A second type allows program developers to select only those routines that are desired. Features available in several sets of such routines are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Douglas B. Eamon 《Behavior research methods》1982,14(2):142-145
CEDATS (cognitive experimental design and testing system) is a set of programs that allows students and instructors to easily create unique experiments even though they may have no experience with computers or knowledge of any programming language. Designs including up to six independent variables may be created, and from 24 to 31 stimulus presentation parameters may be manipulated or controlled. Responses and response times are recorded and printed and/or stored on disk. 相似文献
9.
Strain E Patterson K Seidenberg MS 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2002,28(1):207-14; discussion 215-20
In a previous study (E. Strain, K. Patterson, & M. S. Seidenberg, 1995), the authors concluded that word naming is characterized by an interaction between spelling-sound typicality and word imageability, thus implicating a role for word meaning in the naming process. J. Monaghan and A. W. Ellis (2002) reject E. Strain et al.'s conclusion, arguing that it is age of acquisition (AoA) and not imageability that interacts with spelling-sound typicality. In this article, the authors question their alternative interpretation (a) by raising a number of conceptual and methodological issues germane to this debate and (b) by presenting new data that confirm a significant interaction between spelling-sound typicality and imageability in word-naming latencies, an interaction that is reliable when word AoA is controlled in a regression analysis. 相似文献
10.
Fontaine NM McCrory EJ Boivin M Moffitt TE Viding E 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2011,120(3):730-742
Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are associated with antisocial and delinquent behaviors in children and represent a potential risk factor for adult psychopathy. However, there is a paucity of longitudinal research that explores the development of these traits, their longitudinal association with conduct problems (CP), and their psychosocial predictors and outcomes. Using a large sample of children followed longitudinally from the Twins Early Development Study (N=9,578), we described the joint developmental trajectories of CU traits and CP during childhood (between ages 7 and 12) and examined the child- and family-level predictors (4 years old) and concomitant outcomes (12 years old) associated with the trajectories. The developmental trajectories were characterized with teachers' ratings of CU traits and CP from ages 7 to 12. Using general growth mixture modeling, we identified four trajectories of CU traits (stable high, increasing, decreasing, and stable low) and two trajectories of CP (high and low). Compared with the children who followed a low trajectory of CU traits and CP, those who followed a high trajectory of CU traits and CP had more negative child- and family-level predictors at 4 years (including CP, hyperactivity, negative parental discipline, and chaos in the home). Children with high or increasing levels of CU traits and concomitant high levels of CP presented the most negative outcomes at 12 years (including hyperactivity, peer problems, emotional problems, and negative parental feelings). Children with high CU traits and concomitant high levels of CP in childhood should be prioritized for targeted intervention. 相似文献