An empirical couple typology based on differentiation

Both spouses of 100 married, heterosexual couples completed the Personal Authority in the Family System Questionnaire (PAFS-Q). A cluster analysis of the couples' scores on the four intimacy and fusion scales of the PAFS-Q produced four clusters that were meaningfully distinct in the patterns of differentiation of the wives and husbands. Couples comprising these clusters are described in terms of intergenerational theories of family interaction.This paper is based on the master's thesis of the first author submitted to the Graduate School of Texas Woman's University. A presentation based on this work was given at the 1988 annual convention of the Southwestern Psychological Association, Tulsa, Oklahoma. The authors thank Glenda Peters and Joe Natale for their contributions to the preparation of this paper. A more extensive report of the methodology and results of this study can be obtained from the second author.     

Speed of Lexical Activation in Nonfluent Broca''s Aphasia and Fluent Wernicke''s Aphasia

Rapid, automatic access to lexical/semantic knowledge is critical in supporting the tight temporal constraints of on-line sentence comprehension. Based on findings of “abnormal” lexical priming in nonfluent aphasics, the question of disrupted automatic lexical activation has been the focus of many recent efforts to understand their impaired sentence comprehension capabilities. The picture that emerges from this literature is, however, unclear. Nonfluent Broca's aphasic patients showinconsistent,notabsent,lexical priming, and there is little consensus about the conditions under which they do and do not prime. The most parsimonious explanation for the variable findings from priming studies to date is that the primary disturbance in Broca's lexical activation has something to do withspeedof activation. Broca's aphasic patients prime when sufficient time is allowed for activation to spread among associates. To examine this “slowed activation” hypothesis, the time course of lexical activation was examined using a list priming paradigm. Temporal delays between successive words ranged from 300 to 2100 msec. One nonfluent Broca's aphasic patient and one fluent Wernicke's patient were tested. Both patients displayed abnormal priming patterns, though of different sorts. In contrast to elderly subjects, who prime at relatively short interstimulus intervals (ISIs) beginning at 500 msec, the Broca's aphasic subject showed reliable automatic priming but only at a long ISI of 1500 msec. That is, this subject retained the ability to access lexical information automatically if allowed sufficient time to do so, a finding that may help explain disrupted comprehension of normally rapid conversational speech. The Wernicke's aphasic subject, in contrast, showed normally rapid initial activation but continued to show priming over an abnormally long range of delays, from 300 msec through 1100 msec. This protracted priming suggests failure to dampen activation and might explain the semantic confusion exhibited by fluent Wernicke's patients.     

Language performance on visual processing tasks in right hemisphere lesion cases

Seven language tests were constructed or adapted to assess the performance of three groups of 10 right-handed adult subjects: a right hemisphere lesion (RHL) group, a left hemisphere lesion (LHL) group, and a neurologically normal (NN) control group. Both the LHL and RHL groups produced poorer scores than the NN group on six of the seven tests. On two of the six significant tests, the RHL performed more poorly than the NN group. Analyses of words uttered during an oral story telling test indicated that the RHL group told significantly fewer complete stories using significantly more nouns, adjectives, and conjunctions than the NN group. On a 7-point scale, three judges rated the overall communication abilities of the RHL group as having “mild problems,” a significantly different rating than the ratings of the LHL and NN groups. The findings suggest that underlying visual spatial and perceptual deficits may be accompanied by clearly recognizable language differences in certain subjects.     

閃光信号的頻率选择实驗研究

一、問題 在現代生产技术中,人和机器可以看作是一个統一的系統。这一系統的中心环节是人。人凭借自己的感官从仪表和信号得到有关机器的运轉状态和生产过程的变化的信息,經过一系列的思惟活动,然后作出判断,并通过操作活动对机器和生产过程进行控制和調节。关于人和机器的这一方面的关系,以及关于机器、仪表、信号和操纵装置的設計如何适应人的感知、思惟和运动的特点,以便使“人机系統”达到最高效率的研究,已經形成一个新的学科分支,即“工程心理学”。本研究所涉及的閃光信号的頻率选择問題,就是属于工程心理学的范围。     

关于汉語拼音方案中的省略字和一些变化規則的研究

一、汉語拼音方案的科学性及优越性 汉語拼音方案是利用拉丁字母和北京音組織起来的中国化的文字的基础。汉語拼音字母中的复韵母和鼻韵母是由两个或两个以上的单韵母組成的。除开带ng的鼻韵母本身較难拼音之外其余的复韵母本身都可以进行拼音的。所以在拼音字母中,只要掌握26个(实际应用是25个)名称音的字母之后,其余的复韵母和鼻韵母几乎都可以利用邏輯記忆     

老子:从反讽的立场看

老子哲学的最大特征是对现实的批判性反思,这种反思植根于他对历史的深切认识、对其生活时代虚假的社会礼俗的反感与厌倦,由此表现为对个体主观自由的认同和追求,表现为对个人道德的重视和强调。这种反思在语言层面上被赋予“正言若反”的特征,最终落实为“无”的形上体认。如此恰似苏格拉底开启的反讽传统。从反讽的立场可见老子哲学的世界品格。     

Predicting Deliberate Self‐Harm in Adolescents: A Six Month Prospective Study

Few studies have investigated the extent to which psychosocial/psychological factors are associated with the prediction of deliberate self‐harm (DSH) among adolescents. In this study, 737 pupils aged 15–16 years completed a lifestyle and coping survey at time one and 500 were followed up six months later. Six point two percent of the respondents (n = 31) reported an act of DSH between Time 1 and Time 2. In multivariate analyses, worries about sexual orientation, history of sexual abuse, family DSH, anxiety, and self‐esteem were associated with repeat DSH during the course of the study, but history of sexual abuse was the only factor predictive of first‐time DSH. The findings suggest that school‐based programs focused on how young people cope with psychosocial stressors may offer promise.     

Changes in Reporting of Suicide News After the Promotion of the WHO Media Recommendations

Media recommendations on suicide reporting are available in many countries and in different languages. Hong Kong newspapers have been found to be noncompliant with WHO recommendations. A booklet containing WHO media guidelines Preventing Suicide: A Resource for Media Professionals, and an awareness campaign were launched in November 2004 in Hong Kong. Content analysis was then conducted to compare the reporting of suicide news before and after the launch. Results indicate that certain reporting styles were changed in accordance with the recommendations; namely, lessened use of pictorial presentations and headlines mentioning suicides. Most of the changes were attributed to the tabloid‐style newspapers. This study suggests that programs to promote media recommendations tailored for journalists appear to be efficacious in altering their way of reporting.