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51.
Idsart Kingma Michiel P. de Looze Huub M. Toussaint Hans G. Klijnsma Tom B.M. Bruijnen 《Human movement science》1996,15(6):833-860
In studies related to human movement, linked segment models (LSM's) are often used to quantify forces and torques, generated in body joints. Some LSM's represent only a few body segments. Others, for instance used in studies on the control of whole body movements, include all body segments. As a consequence of the complexity of 3-dimensional (3-D) analyses, most LSM's are restricted to one plane of motion. However, in asymmetric movements this may result in a loss of relevant information. The aim of the current study was to develop and validate a 3-D LSM including all body segments. Braces with markers, attached to all body segments, were used to record the body movements. The validation of the model was accomplished by comparing the measured with the estimated ground reaction force and by comparing the torques at the lumbo-sacral joint that resulted from a bottom-up and a top-down mechanical analysis. For both comparisons, reasonable to good agreement was found. Sources of error that could not be analysed this way, were subjected to an additional sensitivity analysis. It was concluded that the internal validity of the current model is quite satisfactory. 相似文献
52.
Two experiments were carried out in order to try to resolve the controversy about whether the semantic processing of a word necessarily involves all the elements of its meaning. In the first experiment, subjects categorized a list of auditorially presented words according to whether or not they were natural consumable solids (e.g., “apple“). They were then given an unexpected test of their ability to recall the whole list, which contained equal numbers of words with none, one, two, or all three of the target components. The results confirmed the prediction that the greater the number of components a word has in common with a target category, the better it will be recalled. The second experiment used a visual presentation of a list of words, which subjects scanned for members of a particular target category. There were four different target categories assigned to independent groups of subjects. The results again confirmed the prediction. On the assumption that memorability in such tasks is determined by amount of processing, we conclude that some elements of the meaning of a word can be processed without having to process all of them. 相似文献
53.
54.
Two hundred and forty-five working level scientists and engineers participated in a longitudinal study in which their managers had been trained in a Management by Objectives program. Subjects completed two questionnaries, the latter being completed 21 months after the first designed to assess perceptions of their managers' goal setting behavior along four dimensions derived using factor analytic procedures (Goal Clarity and Planning, Subordinate Freedom, Feedback and Evaluation, Participation in Goal Setting) and their reported intrinsic, extrinsic and total satisfaction. Dynamic correlations (Vroom, 1966) were computed between changes in the goal setting factors and changes in the satisfaction variables and significant positive relationships were observed. In addition, results indicated that job task (research vs. development) demonstrated a moderating influence on the goal setting-satisfaction relationships. An unexpected finding was that there was a significant decrease in perceived managerial behavior on the Goal Clarity and Planning factor over the 21 months. However, a significant increase occurred on the Feedback and Evaluation factor. Since no control group was available for comparison, little can be said about whether these changes were a result of the MBO program. Significant differences between the development and the research subjects were also observed on two of the goal setting factors. 相似文献
55.
This paper describes a computational method for weighted euclidean distance scaling which combines aspects of an analytic solution with an approach using loss functions. We justify this new method by giving a simplified treatment of the algebraic properties of a transformed version of the weighted distance model. The new algorithm is much faster than INDSCAL yet less arbitrary than other analytic procedures. The procedure, which we call SUMSCAL (subjectivemetricscaling), gives essentially the same solutions as INDSCAL for two moderate-size data sets tested.Comments by J. Douglas Carroll and J. B. Kruskal have been very helpful in preparing this paper. 相似文献
56.
EDWARD L. LEVINE 《Personnel Psychology》1980,33(2):259-262
The symposium, "Organizational Applications of Self-Appraisal and Self-Assessment: Another Look", is introduced with the notion that the self-concept and self-reports have again assumed a centrally important role in psychological research and theory. A recent paper by Bandura concerning the self-system in reciprocal determinism is discussed as an illustration of this notion, and as a possible foundation for applied research yet to be conducted on the self-evaluation process. Bandura's framework is amplified slightly for use in the applied context by adding the concept of self-report. Although Bandura's ideas are not dealt with by the other panelists in this symposium, this discussion of them will hopefully spur research and thinking on process , in conjunction with outcome , issues. Finally, the concepts of self-appraisal and self-assessment are contrasted. 相似文献
57.
We distinguish three different readings of the intuitionistic notions of validity, soundness, and completeness with respect to the quantification occurring in the notion of validity, and we establish certain relations between the different readings. For each of the meta-logical notions considered we suggest that the most natural reading (which is not the same for all cases) is precisely the one which is required by the recent intuitionistic completeness theorems for IPC.This paper was partly written while the first author, H. C. M. de Swart, was a Visiting Fellow at Princeton University for the academic year 1976–1977. This opportunity was given to him by the Niels Stensen Stichting in Amsterdam, the department of philosophy of the Catholic University in Nijmegen and by Princeton University. He is happy to express his appreciation for that opportunity. 相似文献
58.
C. EDWARD WATKINS 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1983,61(7):417-423
Five categories of counselor acting out are explored. Also several intervention measures are presented as means of preventing or reducing counselor acting out. 相似文献
59.
Paul M.G. Emmelkamp Ada van der Hout Katrien de Vries 《Behaviour research and therapy》1983,21(1):63-68
Twenty-one unassertive agoraphobic patients were assigned to one of three treatments: (1) prolonged exposure in vivo, (2) assertive training and (3) a combination of assertive training and prolonged exposure in vivo. Each treatment was conducted in groups which were led by two therapists. Assessments involved both phobic targets and assertiveness, and were made before and after treatment, and at 1-month follow-up. Exposure in vivo was found to be superior to assertive training on phobic targets. Assertive training produced greater gains in assertiveness than exposure in vivo. The combination of treatments produced results comparable to exposure in viro. Results indicated that the type of change produced by the treatments is a rather specific one and is related to the specific target of treatment. 相似文献
60.
F de Bosset 《International journal of group psychotherapy》1991,41(1):65-78
Seventy to 80 chronic psychiatric patients are treated in an aftercare clinic with a goal of tertiary preventive care. The major component of the treatment approach is reality-oriented group psychotherapy with an emphasis on interpersonal relationships. Attention to three factors in group psychotherapy with this population of patients has facilitated our work and outcome. These are the concept of the core group, diagnostic heterogeneity, and staff structure. 相似文献