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991.
Inpatient Multimodal Therapy (imt) is a residential treatment program, lasting a maximum of 36 weeks, for patients with severe neurotic symptoms. A group of
44 chronic obsessive-compulsive patients and a group of 40 chronic phobic patients were treated in order to assess the outcome
and the process of treatment and to identify prognostic factors associated with the effect. At follow-up—on average, eight
months after discharge—it was found that 60% had improved, 32% had remained the same, and 8% had deteriorated, indicating
that, in general, the treatment was beneficial. That these effects were long-lasting is supported by the fact that, at follow-up,
78% of all patients were no longer receiving treatment, 18% were receiving outpatient or day treatment, and 4% were receiving
inpatient treatment. Phobic patients appear to have gained more from the multimodal approach than did obsessive-compulsive
patients, as indicated by the fact that the severity of symptoms decreased as they improved in rational thinking, assertiveness,
and arousal. By contrast, obsessive-compulsive patients relapsed more than phobic patients did. This was attributed to the
fact that the former gained less from the rational-emotive training, denied problems with assertiveness, and did not practice
the acquired relaxation skills. It further appeared that a favorable outcome could be induced in patients who (1) expressed
relatively mild symptoms in this otherwise severe group, (2) reported relatively few additional complaints, (3) could clearly
indicate interpersonal problems, and (4) did not use psychotropic drugs. These prognostic factors are so widespread that not
much weight can be ascribed to them. Yet they are useful for indication ofimt until better predictors are found. 相似文献
992.
John E. Douglas Robert K. Ressler Ann W. Burgess Carol R. Hartman 《Behavioral sciences & the law》1986,4(4):401-421
Since the 1970s, investigative profilers at the FBI's Behavioral Science Unit (now part of the National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime) have been assisting local, state, and federal agencies in narrowing investigations by providing criminal personality profiles. An attempt is now being made to describe this criminal-profile-generating process. A series of five overlapping stages lead to the sixth stage, or the goal of apprehension of the offender: (1) profiling inputs, (2) decision-process models, (3) crime assessment, (4) the criminal profile, (5) investigation, and (6) apprehension. Two key feedback filters in the process are: (a) achieving congruence with the evidence, with decision models, and with investigation recommendations, and (b) the addition of new evidence. 相似文献
993.
The relationship of math participation and success to self-esteem and career goals is examined in a sample of 64 women and 52 men college students at the end of their sophomore year. No gender differences were found in math anxiety or perceptions of the usefulness of mathematics, but women were less likely to select a math-related career goal. Among the men students, math participation and self-assessments of math ability were positively related to more general self-estimates of competence; among women, these variables were not related significantly. Women's choices for math-related careers were more closely associated with scholastic ability and math background than were men's career choices. These results are discussed in the context of societal pressures and supports for men and women in regard to math participation. 相似文献
994.
Human relations training includes counselling as an important ingredient. This case-study reports the learning of one primary deputy headteacher during a six-day course, and her continuing efforts to use and extend that learning during the following year. She reported an improvement in classroom discipline, and less stressful and more effective relationships with colleagues and pupils, linking these gains with insights and skills developed on the course. The value to course designers of goal-setting structures is illustrated by the study. Such structures provide an opportunity to take part in, and study, counselling interventions which have real problems as their focus. 相似文献
995.
Visual object recognition in patients with right-hemisphere lesions: axes or features? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
An investigation is reported of the ability of normal subjects and patients with right-hemisphere lesions to identify 3-D shadow images of common objects from different viewpoints. Object recognition thresholds were measured in terms of angle of rotation (through the horizontal or vertical axis) required for correct identification. Effects of axial rotation were very variable and no evidence was found of a typical recognition threshold function relating angle of view to object identification. Although the right-hemisphere-lesion group was consistently and significantly worse than the control group, no qualitative differences between the groups were observed. The findings are discussed in relation to Marr's theory that the geometry of a 3-D shape is derived from axial information, and it is argued that the data reported are more consistent with a distinctive-features model of object recognition. 相似文献
996.
This study examined the implications for social comparison theory of the proposition that women have lower self-confidence than men when there is a socially defined standard of performance. To this end, it was hypothesized that women would judge themselves to be similar to a lower ranked person, whereas men would judge themselves to be similar to a higher ranked person. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that women would choose to see a score lower than their own, whereas men would choose to see a score higher than their own. The results on the measure of similarity indicated that men did judge themselves to be similar to a higher ranked person, whereas women showed no consistent preferences in their judgments of similarity. The results on the choice of a comparison other were not as clear-cut. 相似文献
997.
James E. Hoffman 《Psychological research》1986,48(4):221-229
Summary Human observers can selectively allocate processing resources to different areas of the visual field within a single fixation. This spatial attention system may affect either the quality of information extraction or the decisions and responses based on this information. This paper reviews evidence from behavioral, single-unit, and event-related potential paradigms; the evidence suggests a relatively early locus of spatial attention.This research was supported by the U. S. Army Research Office under contract DAAG 29-83-K-0049. Portions of this paper were presented to the Conference on Attention and Action, Bielefeld, West Germany, in July 1985 相似文献
998.
999.
Speech processing involves rapid decoding and construction of meaning from a transitory acoustic signal. Because older adults have been found to be slower in performing many cognitive tasks, we hypothesized that they may have difficulty in immediate recall for speech of increasing input rate. Two experiments are reported in which both older and younger participants listened to and immediately recalled sentences that were systematically varied in speech rate and number of propositions. Although recall performance of the older adults showed a disproportionate decline when speech rate was increased, older adults, as well as the younger adults, were able to recall sentences of increasing propositional densities. We also found that the tendency to recall a greater proportion of main ideas than details (the levels effect) was enhanced by increased propositional density, and depressed by increased speech rate and increased age. These results are discussed in terms of an age-related change in the rate at which information can be processed in working memory. 相似文献
1000.