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41.
Dwight Mazmanian James D. Mendonca Ronald R. Holden Barbara Dufton 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1987,9(2):135-148
Using the responses of 197 suicidal and nonsuicidal patients of a crisis and short-term intervention unit, the item factor structure of the SCL-90 was examined. Results suggested a reduced dimensionality for the checklist rather than supporting the nine scales associated with the instrument's scoring key. The influence of various response styles on the SCL-90's dimensionality was also explored. Although a social desirability response style was strongly related to all SCL-90 subscales and factors, it did not offer a complete explanation for the checklist's apparent unidimensionality. Other explanations relating to methods of test construction and to patients' inability to differentiate symptoms were also preferred. Finally, although subscale scores may facilitate clinical interpretation, it was suggested that the SCL-90 might best be scored as a single index of general symptomatology.We wish to thank G. C. Fekken and R. N. MacLennan for their assistance with this project.This work was supported in part by Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Grant 410-85-1043 and by an Ontario Ministry of Health Research Personnel Award. 相似文献
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43.
John J. Donovan Stephen A. Dwight Dan Schneider 《Journal of business and psychology》2014,29(3):479-493
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of applicant faking and its impact on the psychometric properties of the selection measure, the quality of hiring decisions, and employee performance.Design/Methodology/Approach
This study utilized a within-subjects design where responses on a self-report measure were obtained for 162 individuals both when they applied for a pharmaceutical sales position, and after they were hired. Training performance data was collected at the completion of sales training and sales data was collected 5 months later.Findings
Applicant faking was a common occurrence, with approximately half of the individuals being classified as a faker on at least one of the dimensions contained in the self-report measure. In addition, faking was found to negatively impact the psychometric properties of the selection measure, as well as the quality of potential hiring decisions made by the organization. Further, fakers exhibited lower levels of performance than non-fakers.Implications
These findings indicate that past conclusions that applicant faking is either uncommon or does not negatively impact the selection system and/or organizational performance may be unwarranted.Originality/Value
Remarkably few studies have examined applicant faking using a within-subjects design using actual job applicants, which has limited our understanding of applicant faking. Even fewer studies have attempted to link faking to criterion data to evaluate the impact of faking on employee performance. By utilizing this design and setting, the present study provides a unique glimpse into both the prevalence of faking and the significant impact faking can have on organizations. 相似文献44.
Kravitz DJ Behrmann M 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2008,34(2):298-309
Although object-based attention enhances perceptual processing of information appearing within the boundaries of a selected object, little is known about the consequences for information in the object's surround. The authors show that distance from an attended object's center of mass determines reaction time (RT) to targets in the surround. Of 2 targets in the surround, both equidistant from a cue, the target closer to the center of mass was detected faster. Moreover, RT was shown to be a linear function of distance from the center of mass of a fixed, attended object, and changes to the shape of the object and its center of mass predictably altered RT. Object-based attention leads to a pattern of facilitation in the surround that may contribute to the organization of visual scenes. 相似文献
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46.
Cruess DG Petitto JM Leserman J Douglas SD Gettes DR Ten Have TR Evans DL 《CNS spectrums》2003,8(1):52-58
Can psychological factors, such as depression, affect human immunodeficiency virus progression? HIV infection is viewed as a chronic illness in which those infected often confront a number of emotional challenges and physical health and disease-related issues. Over the past 20 years, there has been increasing evidence that depression and other mood-related disturbances are commonly observed among HIV-positive individuals. There is also mounting data showing that depressive symptoms might further impact upon specific elements of immune system functioning and influence quality of life and health status. This paper will highlight studies examining the prevalence of depression during HIV infection and review some of the evidence examining the impact of depressive symptoms on immune function and HIV disease progression. 相似文献
47.
Dwight W. Hoover 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》1989,25(2):111-124
The background and history of the three major studies that have been made of Mid-dletown (Muncie, Indiana) are traced. The findings of these studies are summarized, their contributions evaluated, and their receptions described. The problems inherent in trying to replicate results over a lengthy span of years in community research are analyzed, concluding with some thoughts on the future of community studies. 相似文献
48.
Drivers completed a questionnaire assessing the likelihood of engaging in mild forms of driver aggression, the frequency of past driver violence, and a disposition toward driver stress. Both male and female drivers reported similar levels of mild driver aggression, supporting the notion that context is important in arousing female aggression. In contrast, driver violence was more frequent among male drivers, demonstrating the relevance of behavioral form within gender linked aggression research. Suggestions for the existence of a gender difference in driver violence, but not mild driver aggression are offered. Finally, driver stress susceptibility was linked to both mild driver aggression and driver violence. 相似文献
49.
50.
Read D 《The Behavioral and brain sciences》2012,35(1):35-36
Guala does not go far enough in his critique of the assumption that human decisions about sharing made in the context of experimental game conditions accurately reflect decision-making under real conditions. Sharing of hunted animals is constrained by cultural rules and is not "spontaneous cooperation" as assumed in models of weak and strong reciprocity. Missing in these models is the cultural basis of sharing that makes it a group property rather than an individual one. 相似文献