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41.
The physical environment is thought to influence walking; however, daily variations in perceived environment have received little attention. The current study sought to examine if key within-person factors (i.e., implementation intentions, social support, affect and self-efficacy) would be associated with walking and if perceived access to supportive environments (e.g., access to nice walking paths) and perceived environmental barriers (e.g., bad weather and safety issues) were uniquely associated with walking after controlling for other constructs. Participants (N = 14, 50.0% men, 78.6% White, M age = 59.4 ± 6.4) were in the intervention arm of an 8-week controlled trial promoting walking via personal digital assistants. Participants completed electronic surveys twice a day (total entries = 804) in which they reported brisk walking levels and psychosocial and environmental factors. Multilevel modelling was used to examine within-person variations in constructs as determinants of walking. Results suggested that daily variations in implementation intentions, social support and positive affect were positively associated with walking. Further, perceived access to supportive environments, though not perceived environmental barriers, was positively associated with walking after controlling for other constructs (p < 0.05). Future research should explore intervention components that target context-specific information about perceived access to supportive environments as part of a broader perspective on intervention development. 相似文献
42.
Genevieve L. Quek Matthew Finkbeiner 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2014,10(4):131-143
Visual perception is characterised by asymmetries arising from the brain’s
preferential response to particular stimulus types at different retinal
locations. Where the lower visual field (LVF) holds an advantage over the upper
visual field (UVF) for many tasks (e.g., hue discrimination, contrast
sensitivity, motion processing), face-perception appears best supported at
above-fixation locations (Quek &
Finkbeiner, 2014a). This finding is consistent with Previc’s (1990) suggestion that vision in the UVF has
become specialised for object recognition processes often required in
”extrapersonal” space. Outside of faces, however, there have been very few
investigations of vertical asymmetry effects for higher-level objects. Our aim
in the present study was, thus, to determine whether the UVF advantage reported
for face-perception would extend to a nonface object – human hands. Participants
classified the sex of hand images presented above or below central fixation by
reaching out to touch a left or right response panel. On each trial, a briefly
presented spatial cue captured the participant’s spatial attention to either the
location where the hand was about to appear (valid cue) or the opposite location
(invalid cue). We observed that cue validity only modulated the efficiency of
the sex-categorisation response for targets in the LVLVF and not the UVF, just
as we have reported previously for face-sex categorisation (Quek & Finkbeiner, 2014a). Taken
together, the data from these studies provide some empirical support for
Previc’s (1990) speculation that object
recognition processes may enjoy an advantage in the upper-hemifield. 相似文献
43.
Susan Genevieve Simpson Shirley Rochford Andrew Livingstone Sandra English Carly Austin 《Australian psychologist》2014,49(4):193-199
There is a significant shortage of clinical psychology services in rural and remote Australia. It is proposed that tele‐web psychology may provide one potential solution to this inequity in health provision. A tele‐web psychology project was developed through a partnership between a university and country health service setting in rural South Australia. Tele‐web psychology was conducted by Provisional Psychologists on their first clinical placement, with patients attending sessions in a community mental health team hub in a regional centre north of Adelaide. This article describes the logistics of setting up a collaborative tele‐web psychology service and makes recommendations on how to expedite the success of this type of venture. 相似文献
44.
Eric B. Hekler Matthew P. Buman David Ahn Genevieve Dunton Audie A. Atienza Abby C. King 《Psychology & health》2013,28(9):1009-1020
The physical environment is thought to influence walking; however, daily variations in perceived environment have received little attention. The current study sought to examine if key within-person factors (i.e., implementation intentions, social support, affect and self-efficacy) would be associated with walking and if perceived access to supportive environments (e.g., access to nice walking paths) and perceived environmental barriers (e.g., bad weather and safety issues) were uniquely associated with walking after controlling for other constructs. Participants (N?=?14, 50.0% men, 78.6% White, M age?=?59.4?±?6.4) were in the intervention arm of an 8-week controlled trial promoting walking via personal digital assistants. Participants completed electronic surveys twice a day (total entries?=?804) in which they reported brisk walking levels and psychosocial and environmental factors. Multilevel modelling was used to examine within-person variations in constructs as determinants of walking. Results suggested that daily variations in implementation intentions, social support and positive affect were positively associated with walking. Further, perceived access to supportive environments, though not perceived environmental barriers, was positively associated with walking after controlling for other constructs (p?<?0.05). Future research should explore intervention components that target context-specific information about perceived access to supportive environments as part of a broader perspective on intervention development. 相似文献
45.
The role of self-to-object updating in orientation-free performance on spatial-memory tasks 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Sholl MJ Bartels GP 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2002,28(3):422-436
A single view of a room-sized path produces an orientation-specific memory representation, yet when memory is tested at a location on the path, orientation-free performance is observed. Either a virtual-views or an updating hypothesis can account for orientation-free performance by attributing it, respectively, to an orientation-free long-term-memory representation or to a working-memory representation of the body's updated location relative to the path. Experiments 1 and 2 test these hypotheses by manipulating the test-site location and the complexity of the trajectory from the study site to the test site. Experiment 3 tests orientation to the test space as a function of trajectory complexity. Results support a virtual-views explanation for the orientation-free performance of males and an updating explanation for females. 相似文献
46.
The study examined self-reported emotion and facial muscle and autonomic activity of depressed and nondepressed men in response to the social context of emotional situations. 20 university men, assessed on the Beck Depression Inventory, were asked to imagine happy and sad situations with and without visualizing other people. No differences were found between men classified as depressed and nondepressed on self-reported emotion and facial muscle activity. Smiling did not show differences between social contexts although self-reported happiness was increased during happy-social compared to happy-solitary imagery. Adjusting smiling for social context differences in happiness showed less smiling during happy-social than during happy-solitary imagery. In contrast, self-reported sadness and frowning were greater during sad-social compared to sad-solitary imagery. No differences between social contexts were found when frowning was adjusted for social context differences in sadness. Depressed-scoring men showed higher mean heart rate during sad-social than sad-solitary imagery whereas nondepressed-scoring men showed higher mean heart rate during happy social compared to happy-solitary imagery. The results indicate that men may frown more when sad but generally do not smile more during happy-social imagery, independent of depression. Depressed mood may affect heart rate during sad imagery but may not alter facial muscle activity and self:reported emotion in men. 相似文献
47.
48.
Martin Amerikaner Genevieve Monks Penny Wolfe Stuart Thomas 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1994,72(6):614-620
Two studies explored the relationships between individual psychological health (PH) status and perceptions of family interaction and family climate variables as perceived by young adults. Psychological health was defined within inter- and intrapersonal domains, represented by social interest and psychological hardiness. Scores on social interest and hardiness instruments were standardized and added to put the construct of psychological health into practice. Family interaction variables were measured with Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales-III (FACES-III), the Children's Report of Parent Behavior Inventory-30 (CRPBI-30), Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale (PAC), Family Satisfaction Scale (FSS), and the Family Environment Scale (FES). Multivariate analyses indicated that PH status was associated with several family variables, with cohesion emerging as a key dimension. Implications for counseling are discussed. 相似文献
49.
Brian J. Murphy Genevieve M. Haddad Robert M. Stelnman 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1974,16(3):557-563
A contact lens optical Jever was used to measure two-dimensional fixation characteristics when experienced Ss fixated at various positions within simple forms small enough to fall entirely on the foveal floor (<80 min). Fixation stability and the average direction of the line of sight were not markedly or systematically affected by the shape of the fixation stimulus. Similar results were obtained when all saccades were suppressed and the line of sight maintained exclusively by means of slow control. These results cast doubt on motor theories of form perception. 相似文献
50.
Katherine S. L. Lau Monica A. Marsee Genevieve E. Lapré Miklos B. Halmos 《Deviant behavior》2016,37(8):904-916
In a sample of 117 youth and their parents, the associations between parental relational aggression, psychological control, youth gender, and youth relational aggression were examined. Boys with parents high on relational aggression and psychological control reported more relational aggression than boys with parents high on relational aggression and low on psychological control. Girls with parents low on relational aggression and high on psychological control reported more relational aggression than girls with parents low on relational aggression and psychological control. Results indicate youth may learn to use relational aggression from their parents, and have implications for intervention with relationally aggressive youth. 相似文献