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801.
A clenched fist is a gesture often seen both within and outside sports that seems to communicate success or to function in
self-encouragement or the encouragement of others. This “encouragement gesture” involves the contraction of forearm flexors,
similar to the grasping action that is part of acquisitive approach actions. This gesture may be part of a physiological feedback
mechanism that functions to increase or sustain levels of approach in challenging situations by signaling the sufficiency
of resources (muscle strength). Here we show that for pleasant but not unpleasant words, subjects were faster in categorizing
words while contracting their forearm flexors rather than their forearm tensors. This effect dissipated during the first minute
of performance, which may reflect habituation of interoceptive feedback. The data further suggest that the effect is larger
when experimenter and subject are of opposite sexes. The facilitated responding to pleasant stimuli suggests that contraction
of the forearm flexors promotes approach. 相似文献
802.
We measured human frequency response functions for eleven angular frequency filters using a forced-choice procedure in a supra-threshold summation paradigm. Each of the eleven functions of 17 experimental conditions was measured 4-9 times among 12 observers. Results show that, for the arbitrarily selected filter phases, maximum summation effect occurred at test frequency for all filters. These results lead to the conclusion that there are narrow-band angular frequency filters operating in human visual system mostly through summation surrounded by inhibition at the specific test frequency ranges. Our previous suggestion (Simas and Santos, 2002), arguing that summation for the higher angular frequency filters should occur if background angular frequency contrast were set to a maximum of 5 times the test frequency threshold, was supported. 相似文献
803.
Paul R. J. Falger Erik G. W. Schouten Ad W. P. M. Appels Yolande C. M. De Vos 《Psychology & health》2013,28(3):231-258
Abstract Prodromal symptoms of vital exhaustion and sleep complaints are increasingly being recognized as important risk indicators for myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, the relationships between vital exhaustion, behavioral characteristics, and MI, and between several sleep complaints and MI were investigated. The subjects were 133 male cases with first MI, 192 male hospital controls, and 133 male neighborhood controls. The instruments used were the Maastricht Questionnaire (vital exhaustion), the Life Styles Questionnaire (sleep complaints, coffee consumption, and current smoking), and the Structured Interview (Type A behavior). All sleep complaints, vital exhaustion, Type A behavior, excessive coffee consumption, and current smoking occurred significantly more often in MI-cases. After controlling for these potential confounders, and age, most sleep complaints retained significant associations with MI, in particular often taking naps during the day and waking up in the morning feeling tired and exhausted. 相似文献
804.
Relationship Quality and Purchase Intention and Behavior: The Moderating Impact of Relationship Strength 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marie Hélène De Cannière Patrick De Pelsmacker Maggie Geuens 《Journal of business and psychology》2010,25(1):87-98
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the link between perceived relationship quality, purchase intention and behavior, and the moderating role of relationship strength. 相似文献805.
Herbert De Vriese 《Sophia》2010,49(3):407-428
In the course of Western history, philosophy has proven to be an active participant in the process of secularization. This
article seeks to examine that philosophical role more closely. The central question is how the role of philosophy must be
rethought in light of the contemporary critique of classical secularization theory. The first part of the article sheds light
on the current crisis of secularization theory. Drawing on recent scholarship in the social sciences, it explains why the
classical tenets and assumptions of secularization theory are no longer being considered as plausible and empirically grounded
hypotheses. Against that background, the second part turns to philosophy. It examines the implications for a philosophical
tradition of religious criticism that has consciously operated within this once-undisputed model of secularization. The question
is how this critique of religion must be rethought, if its prominent role in the history of modern philosophy can no longer
be ascribed to a general secularization of the Western mind. The third and final part attempts to answer this question by
focusing on one of the most frequently overlooked, yet most significant and crucial elements in the history of philosophical
secularization: the intrinsic intellectual attraction of religious disenchantment. 相似文献
806.
David Magis Sébastien Béland Francis Tuerlinckx Paul De Boeck 《Behavior research methods》2010,42(3):847-862
Differential item functioning (DIF) is an important issue of interest in psychometrics and educational measurement. Several
methods have been proposed in recent decades for identifying items that function differently between two or more groups of
examinees. Starting from a framework for classifying DIF detection methods and from a comparative overview of the most traditional
methods, an R package for nine methods, called difR, is presented. The commands and options are briefly described, and the package is illustrated through the analysis of a data
set on verbal aggression. 相似文献
807.
Mauro Giacomantonio Carsten K.W. De Dreu Daniel Sligte 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2010,46(5):824-829
The present research examined how construal level and social motivation interact in influencing individuals’ behavior in social decision making settings. Consistent with recent work on psychological distance and value-behavior correspondence (Eyal, Sagristano, Trope, Liberman, & Chaiken, 2009), it was predicted that under high construal level individuals’ behavior is based on the social motivation they endorsed, no matter whether pro-social or pro-self. Two experiments involving ultimatum game (Experiment 1) and face to face negotiation (Experiment 2) supported the “increased value-behavior correspondence” hypothesis by showing that pro-socials were more cooperative and pro-selves were more competitive under high rather than low construal level. Implications for research on social decision making and psychological distance are discussed. 相似文献
808.
809.
The present meta-analysis investigates the relationship between social-cultural right-wing attitudes and objective measures of cognitive style on a set of 124 unique samples, with a total of 29,209 participants. Intolerance of ambiguity and cognitive ability yielded relationships of moderate strength with right-wing attitudes, whereas only mixed evidence was obtained for rigidity, complexity, and field dependence. In the discussion, we compare the present weak to moderate relationships with a meta-analysis conducted by Jost, Glaser, Kruglanski, and Sulloway (2003b), included predominantly self-report measures of cognitive style, reporting moderate to strong relationships between conservatism. The need to study cognitive ability as a basis of ideological attitudes is also discussed. 相似文献
810.
Myriam N. Bechtoldt Carsten K. W. De Dreu Bernard A. Nijstad Dieter Zapf 《Journal of personality》2010,78(2):539-574
ABSTRACT: In 4 studies we examined the relationship between self‐concept clarity and conflict management. Individuals with higher self‐concept clarity were overall more active and showed more cooperative problem‐solving behavior than people with low self‐concept clarity. There were no relationships with contending or yielding. The positive relationship with cooperative behavior was mediated by less rumination (Study 2) and moderated by conflict intensity (Study 3). Specifically, it applied to relatively mild conflicts (Study 3). Finally, Study 4 extended these findings to the group level: Dyad members with higher self‐concept clarity engaged in problem solving, whereas dyad members with lower self‐concept clarity did not. We conclude that higher self‐concept clarity associates with proactive problem solving in social conflict. 相似文献