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911.
A pair of experiments investigated the short-term memory of pigeons under delayed simple and conditional discriminations. Trial sequences in both discriminations consisted of a color as the sample stimulus, a memory interval, a line orientation as the test stimulus, and a trial outcome, which was either food reinforcement or blackout. Pecking rates during the test stimulus defined discrimination performance. In the simple discrimination, the sample provided the necessary information regarding the subsequent trial outcome. In the conditional discrimination, the sample and test stimuli conjointly provided this information. In Experiment 1, the two procedures were compared with independent groups of pigeons. In Experiment 2, the comparison was made within subjects. The simple discrimination was acquired more quickly and was performed better with a memory requirement. Introduction of long delays disrupted performance even at shorter delays in both discriminations. Postulation of prospective as well as retrospective mediating processes facilitates the interpretation of these results. 相似文献
912.
Using a modified Stroop procedure, we examined the extent to which the semantic encoding of a word is governed by the context within which that word appears. Good and poor comprehenders named the color of target words following their reading of either sentences or single words representing the object nouns of the sentences. Target words represented contextually emphasized (appropriate) attributes of the object nouns, nonemphasized (inappropriate) attributes of these nouns, or object attributes not related to these nouns (neutral). For single-word contexts, all subjects exhibited equal semantic interference to appropriate and inappropriate targets, relative to neutral targets. For sentence contexts, however, good comprehenders exhibited semantic interference only to appropriate targets, whereas poor comprehenders again exhibited equal interference to appropriate and inappropriate targets. These findings suggest that differences in comprehension skill may be attributable, at least in part, to fundamental differences in the way in which sentences are semantically encoded. 相似文献
913.
Eleven diagnosed Broca's aphasics were tested for comprehension of sentences containing gerundive constructions. Results showed that, as a group, these patients were sensitive to grammatical distinctions signaled by “function” words, contrary to the predictions of some current theories about the specific deficits exhibited in this syndrome. Further analysis showed that the patients fell into two subgroups, one which exhibited sensitivity to the distinctions in normal grammar, and another which exhibited no sensitivity to such distinctions. This suggests that the syndrome may have different manifestations in different populations—patient age is suggested as a possible means for distinguishing the two groups. Suggestions for further research into the nature of the comprehension deficits exhibited by Broca's aphasics are made. 相似文献
914.
915.
Finngeir Hiorth Alan Nelson Lawrence Nolan Igor Primoratz Edward Slowik 《Philosophia》1999,27(3-4):659-661
916.
917.
This article sets out to evaluate the researchevidence for rape myths and the extent to which theyare causally related to rape proclivity; negativeattitudes towards rape victims; and the reporting ofsexual assault incidents to the police. In reviewingthis literature, we provide an evaluation of theimpact of this research on the criminal justice systemand possible future developments. We argue that thisresearch, while failing to provide conclusive evidenceof a causal relationship, has nevertheless played animportant part in shaping more sympathetic approachestowards rape victims in the criminal justice system.However, we also argue that the current research fallsshort of the level of proof required for it to beadmitted as evidence in criminal trials. We considera number of alternative uses including AmicusCuriae briefs, and the training of juries and judgesprior to hearing rape cases. 相似文献
918.
919.
International Journal for Philosophy of Religion - 相似文献
920.
Triandis' theory of interpersonal behavior was used to analyze factors related to condom use among Canadian spring-break vacationers in Daytona Beach, Florida, who had engaged in coital activity with existing relationship partners (N= 46) or casual partners (N= 121). Intention to use condoms explained 36% of the variance in condom use with relationship partners, but only 10% with new partners. An additional 43% was explained by prior condom use and conditions facilitating condom use. Conditions facilitating condom use had the strongest influence on condom use, with new partners followed by prior condom use and intentions. The latter two variables exerted both direct and indirect influences on condom use. 相似文献