Psychosocial Well-being of Children in HIV/AIDS-Affected Families in Southwest China: A Qualitative Study

We investigated the psychosocial well-being of children in HIV/AIDS-affected families in rural China from the child’s and caregiver’s perspectives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among children living in HIV/AIDS-affected families (n = 16), their caregivers (n = 16) and key community informants (n = 5). Our findings showed that all of the children relied heavily on caregivers and peers to gain psychological support. Children’s psychosocial problems included fear, anxiety, grief, and loss of self-esteem and confidence. Stigma towards children existed, including isolation, ignorance and rejection. Our study illustrates that HIV/AIDS has impacted negatively on the psychosocial well-being of children. These findings can be used as preliminary data supporting more researches to profoundly explore the psychosocial impact of HIV/AIDS on children and appropriately indicate the need for interventions.     

真是"按照西方学术界的习惯用法"吗?--质疑徐崇温同志的"西方马克思主义"概念

西方马克思主义概念在西方学者那里主要有两种不同的用法。一种是梅劳一庞蒂的用法,即用它指称一种以卢卡奇的《历史与阶级意识》为代表的主要与列宁主义相对立的理论;另一种是安德森的用法,即用它指称包括从卢卡奇到阿尔都塞等13人在内的第三代马克思主义者的理论。徐崇温同志通过对这两种不同用法的一种毫无道理的综合,将他“西方马克思主义”概念定义为20世纪20年代以后在西方资本主义国家出现的一股非马克思主义思潮。这显然不是“西方学术界的习惯用法”。     

Post-irradiation annealing behaviour of oxide dispersion strengthened Fe-Cr alloys studied by nanoindentation

ABSTRACT

To study the nature of irradiation-induced nanofeatures in oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) Fe-Cr alloys, post-irradiation isochronal thermal annealing up to 600°C was performed for ODS Fe-9%Cr and Fe-14%Cr alloys ion-irradiated at 300°C and 500°C. Nanoindentation indicated hardening for all as-irradiated alloys and complete hardness recovery upon post-irradiation annealing. Cross-sectional TEM indicated an irradiation-induced defect band near peak damage mainly consisting of dislocation loops. Candidate mechanisms of recovery were critically evaluated. Shrinkage of loops via capture of thermal vacancies was found to correctly reflect the annealing behaviour of ODS Fe-9Cr irradiated at 300°C.     

Attitude of Medical School Students in China Towards Genetic Testing and Counseling Issues in FXS

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability. However, genetic testing protocols and genetic counseling guidelines for FXS are not yet established in mainland China. In the present study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis using a self-administered questionnaire among students at the Xiangya medical school to investigate their attitude towards genetic testing and counseling issues of FXS. We have gained a general understanding of the attitudes of medical students towards these FXS issues in China. This information is of immense importance to develop appropriate genetic tests and to train counselors for FXS. As the medical school students surveyed are prospective physicians who will be a part of the Chinese health system, our survey was focused on the basic knowledge of FXS, population-based FXS screening, confidentiality and reproductive options for mutation carriers. The study demonstrated that only less than one third of the participants had heard about FXS. 94.6 % of participants were in favor of FXS screening for women in their reproductive age who had a genetic history of FXS. Furthermore, only half of the participants would inform their families about their genetic status in case of positive test results, and more than half of the participants supported natural conception and prenatal diagnosis for FXS mutation carriers. Additional findings and research implications are also discussed. This survey targeting potential doctors provides important information for the development of FXS genetic test and counselor training for the Chinese health system.     

汉语言语产生中词类信息的激活

用图词干扰范式考察汉语言语产生中词类信息的激活.结果表明,无论单个名词命名还是名词短语命名,SOA=-100ms时都出现词类干扰效应,名词干扰条件下图片命名反应时显著长于动词干扰条件下,表明词类信息已经激活.     

父母养育方式、性格优势对心理和谐的影响

在生态系统理论的基础上提出一个中介模型,探究大学生父母养育方式与心理和谐的关系,以及性格优势的中介作用.采用父母养育方式问卷、心理和谐问卷和性格优势问卷对384名在校大学生进行调查.结果显示:(1)积极养育方式、性格优势两者对心理和谐有显著正向预测作用,其中性格优势的预测贡献率约为积极养育方式的1.9倍;(2)性格优势在积极养育方式与心理和谐之间起到显著的部分中介作用,且中介效应占总效应的42.075％.     

晚清英国新教传教士"适应"中国策略的三种形态及其评价

19世纪新教来华传教士为了实现宣教和基督化中国的目的,采取了各种“适应”中国的宣教策略。本文以理雅各的“中国经典”翻译为主,兼及麦都思的西学新学翻译和戴德生的“融入本土”的宣教策略,对上述三种策略的历史形成予以勾勒澄清,并作出了相应评价。     

碰撞时间估计的影响因素研究

本研究采用遮挡范式,考察了专职公交车驾驶员对不同类型、速度和方向运动物体的碰撞时间(TTC)估计.结果发现,被试对不同类别和速度运动物体的TTC估计有显著差异.这表明,除了视觉信息和物理信息之外,运动物体的概念信息也是影响横向运动TTC估计的重要因素.     

关于农村留守儿童的调查研究

近年来,农村留守儿童问题受到高度关注和重视,但全社会对农村留守儿童还知之甚少。为了更好地了解和认识农村留守儿童问题,我们在留守儿童现象比较普遍的江西省修水县墨田村开展了专题调查。本文依据访谈资料,对农村留守儿童的产生原因、留守儿童的生存状况、留守现象对留守儿童及其家庭产生的影响等基本问题进行了探析。     

"风水是迷信"乃各界共识

看风水是被政策法律所禁止的一种迷信愚昧活动。什么叫风水?《辞海》做了这样的界定:“风水,也叫‘堪舆’。旧中国的一种迷信。认为住宅基地或坟地周围风向水流等形势,能招致住者或葬者一家的祸福。也指相宅、相墓之法。《葬书》(旧本题晋郭璞撰):‘葬者乘生气也。经曰,气乘风则散,界水则止,古人聚之使不散,行之使有止,故谓之风水。’”《词源》对风水所做的界定也与《辞