国内外心理健康素质研究综述

“心理健康素质”是个新概念。本文就国内和国外与心理健康素质有关的若干概念、观点,以及部分研究进行了整理。侧重于两个主题：（1）心理健康素质及其相关概念;（2）心理健康素质的构成要素或影响心理健康的个体因素。     

Reviving the Past for the Future?: The (In)compatibility between Confucianism and Democracy in Contemporary China

The issue of (in)compatibility between Confucianism and modern democracy, particularly in China, has attracted much debate over the decade. This article singles out the particular notion of Minben 民本, which is at the center of the argument for a ‘Confucian democracy’, and argues that it is fundamentally different from modern democracy. However, this does not mean that Confucianism could not be connected with modern democracy. The important question is: what exactly does it mean to ‘connect’ Confucianism to the modern society? The author argues that only by being disconnected with political power could there be meaningful ‘Confucian democracy’ today in China.     

神的问题还是人的问题？——质疑宗教拯救道德论

近来．从学术言论到社会生活中都有宗教拯救道德论流行的趋势。这种论调一方面导致民众信教意向的增加,另一方面导致了人们对科学和唯物主义信念的怀疑。本文首先指出这种观点对我国社会道德问题的归因是错误的。接着驳斥了与之紧密相关的科学宗教分工说和宗教高于科学说．最后揭示了宗教道德拯救论掩盖我国当前社会道德问题的实质．会被一部分人有意利用。     

公民社会道德建设之探讨

我国正步入公民社会.公共生活伦理应当成为我国当前社会道德建设的重心.公民自治既是公民社会的重要特征,也是道德的重要特征.因此公民社会里公共领域的道德建设也应从公民道德自治这一实际情况出发.公民社会的另一个特征是公民自愿组织的出现与存在.这些组织具有特定的伦理功能.这些功能表明这些组织既是公民道德实现自治的平台,也是我国公共生活领域公民伦理建设的主要途径.     

西方正义理念的历史回眸

正义是人类社会追求的现实目标和永恒理想。在西方文化史上,蕴藏着丰富而深厚的正义思想,它们构成了西方绵延古今的正义观变迁史。真正的正义理论应该是对人类生存,发展与完善这一中心问题的思考与表达。这一理解即是我们正确评价西方各种正义观的出发点,也是我们科学合理地建构中国社会转型期正义理论的立足点。     

疏于管理是迷信愚昧活动难以有效遏制的重要原因——伏羲文化节险成“算命节”

2007年5月3日至5日,在伏羲台召开了"第三届伏羲文化节暨中国姓名学文化节"。文化节与一年一度的新乐何家庄伏羲庙会同时举行。参加庙会的群众与参加文化节的游客融为一体,三天内达20多万人次。在这次文化节上举行了"易学研讨     

论《孙子兵法》的战略思想对张瑞敏经营哲学的影响

《孙子兵法》博大精深,其战略思想可以用于企业经营。在这方面,张瑞敏是一个典范,其战略思想深受孙子影响。本文重点探讨孙子的“势胜”、“知胜”和“变胜”思想对张瑞敏经营哲学的影响。张瑞敏的成功证明中国古代文化对现代企业经营具有重要的指导意义。     

学业不良学生类型与特点的聚类分析

该研究运用Ｑ聚类分析对上海市区１４８０名初中预备班学生的能力和个性特征进行分类研究。结果发现１４８０名被试中存有心理发展水平不同的六个主要类别,这些类别与学生学业成绩的优劣关系密切。同时,３５３名差生可分为四个主要类型：即,暂时性困难学生、能力型困难学生、动力型困难学生和整体性困难学生,不同类型的差生具有不同的特点。这为针对不同类型学生的特点制定有效的教育措施提供了依据。     

Blunted reward responsiveness prospectively predicts emotional distress when exposed to a naturalistic stressor

Both stress and blunted reward responsiveness have been identified as core risk factors of depression. Whether blunted reward responsiveness increases psychological vulnerability to real-life stress from a dynamic perspective (from stress reactivity to recovery) has not been investigated. By utilizing a real-world stressful event (i.e. the final examination), this study aimed to explore the role of reward responsiveness in the stress-emotional distress relationship during stress reactivity and recovery phases. We followed 57 undergraduates with three assessments, from six weeks before examination weeks (T1, baseline), one day before the examinations (T2) to two weeks after the examinations (T3), therefore, covering stress reactivity (T1 to T2) and recovery (T2 to T3) phases. At baseline, reward responsiveness was measured as the Reward Positivity (RewP) in the doors task. Stress and emotional distress (anxiety and depression) were reported at T1, T2 and T3 to capture their dynamic changes. Results showed that self-report stress levels significantly increased from T1 to T2 (stress reactivity phase) and decreased from T2 to T3 (stress recovery phase). Furthermore, blunted reward responsiveness at baseline prospectively predicted emotional distress during the stress reactivity phase but not the recovery phase. Specifically, during the stress reactivity phase, higher perceived stress was associated with greater anxiety and depression only in participants with relatively smaller residual RewP amplitudes but not in participants with relatively larger residual RewP amplitudes. Our study demonstrated that a blunted reward responsiveness is a vulnerable factor of depression, especially when exposed to stress. Our findings provide insights into prevention and intervention for stress-related disturbance.     

Being Empathic: The Role of Motivation to Empathize and the Nature of Target Emotions

The effect of the observer's motivation to empathize and the nature of the target person's emotions on empathy was examined. The study distinguished intellectual empathy, the extent to which the observer takes the target person's perspective, and empathic emotion, the extent to which the observer feels the target emotions. Intellectual empathy was measured via attribution errors that the observer made in attributing the target person's situation, and empathic emotion by the congruence between the emotions of the target person and the observer. The first experiment showed that pleasant emotions and sadness elicited more empathic emotion than did shame and anger. The second experiment revealed that motivation increased intellectual empathy when the target person was sad, and empathic emotion when the target person was happy. Intellectual empathy and empathic emotion appeared to be distinguishable constructs and could correlate under certain conditions.