蒙汉族大学生父母教养方式、成人依恋与心理困扰的关系研究

通过整群抽样方法抽取了576名大学生,对其施测父母养育方式量表、亲密关系体验量表和心理困扰量表,运用结构方程模型技术,分别考察了父母养育方式的蒙汉族差异以及成人依恋模式在父母养育方式和心理困扰间的中介作用。结果表明:(1) 蒙古族父母对孩子的关爱程度和给孩子的自主性要显著高于汉族;(2) 汉族的成人依恋模式在父母过度保护与抑郁-焦虑-压力之间起着部分中介作用,而蒙古族成人依恋的中介作用不明显,但母亲的冷漠拒绝和过度保护会导致个体依恋回避和依恋焦虑,父亲的冷漠拒绝和过度保护会影响个体的抑郁和焦虑,母亲的过度保护和父亲的冷漠拒绝会影响个体的压力。     

道德脸面共享及脸面共享行为:社会关系和伦理事件的影响

用两个基于情境故事的纸笔实验,探讨了五类重要关系他人卷入三类负向和两类正向道德事件时,个体的脸面共享感受和脸面共享行为。研究1采用3(违背家庭伦理、违背消极义务、违背职业伦理)×5(父-子/女、兄弟、师生、朋友、同乡关系)被试间设计,研究2采用2(维护家庭伦理、维护消极义务)×5(父-子/女、兄弟、师生、朋友、同乡关系)被试间设计。结果发现:(1)当关系人违背道德时,脸面共享强度随关系的亲疏远近逐步减弱; 当关系人遵从道德时,脸面共享主要表现在家内和地缘关系上。(2)以孝道观念为核心的家庭伦理,对脸面共享感受影响最大。(3)在关系人违背道德时,个体更可能采用‘避而不谈'和‘辩护'行为,较少采用‘划界避殃'行为; 个体更可能因家庭成员违背道德而避而不谈,更愿意为关系亲密者而不是为同乡辩护; 关系人遵从伦理时,个体更可能采用宣扬行为,而不是表示关系亲密和主动谈及行为; 维护家庭伦理比见义勇为更可能被宣扬,后者则更可能被主动谈及。     

How organizational cultures shape social cognition for newcomer voices

Drawing on cue consensus theory and status characteristics theory, we argue that the consensus between newcomer voice (challenging vs. supportive) and organizational culture (individualistic vs. collectivistic) leads to observers' social cognition of warmth or competence. Based on two survey studies and two experiment studies, we found that individualistic organizational culture strengthens the positive relationship between challenging voice and perceived competence and that voice constructiveness mediates this moderating effect. We also found that collectivistic organizational culture strengthens the positive relationship between supportive voice and perceived warmth, and prosocial motivation mediates this moderating effect. Focusing on consistent cues between voice and organizational culture, our research contributes to the voice literature, answering when and how both newcomer challenging voice and supportive voice can lead to perceived warmth and competence. Our results offer both theoretical implications and practical insights for employees and organizations.     

Lens on International Clinical Supervision: Lessons Learned from a Cross-National Comparison of Supervision

Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy - Clinical supervision is an essential mechanism for training psychologists internationally. But although it is performed globally, scholarship has primarily...     

用"活性成分谱"思路破解中药的安全性和有效性

如何控制中药的安全性和有效性一直是中医药研究关注的问题.基于此,提出先根据亲和原理获得中药的"活性成分谱",在此基础上验证活性成分的毒性和疗效后即可获得中药的"毒性成分谱"和"有效成分谱",继而为中药的质量控制提供依据.简要地介绍了"活性成分谱"思路,并与其他中药活性研究技术进行了简要的对比.     

"风水是迷信"乃各界共识

看风水是被政策法律所禁止的一种迷信愚昧活动。什么叫风水?《辞海》做了这样的界定:“风水,也叫‘堪舆’。旧中国的一种迷信。认为住宅基地或坟地周围风向水流等形势,能招致住者或葬者一家的祸福。也指相宅、相墓之法。《葬书》(旧本题晋郭璞撰):‘葬者乘生气也。经曰,气乘风则散,界水则止,古人聚之使不散,行之使有止,故谓之风水。’”《词源》对风水所做的界定也与《辞     

When a Dog Has a Pen for a Tail: the Time Course of Creative Object Processing

Creative objects differ from ordinary objects in that they are created by human beings to contain novel, creative information. Previous research has demonstrated that ordinary object processing involves both a perceptual process for analyzing different features of the visual input and a higher-order process for evaluating the relevance of this visual information. However, it is unclear how and when these processes are influenced by the creative information of the object. This study utilized event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the time course of creative object processing. Behavioral results revealed that participants spent more time processing creative objects than they did ordinary objects. Analysis of scalp ERPs further revealed that creative objects elicited a more negative ERP deflection between 190 and 340 ms (N190–340) with an anterior scalp distribution. Additionally, creative objects elicited more positive ERP deflection than did ordinary objects between 400 and 700 ms (P400–700) with a right centro–parietal scalp distribution and between 700 and 1000 ms (late positive component) with a right anterior–central scalp distribution. Such results suggest that the processing of creative objects is composed of two distinct stages. The early perceptual stage involves the detection of visual differences exhibited by the creative objects, while the late stage involves the right-lateralized processes of understanding and encoding the creative information.     

催产素对不安全依恋者人际适应性的影响

催产素被誉为“爱的荷尔蒙”, 与依恋有着密切关系。以往研究已证明不同来源的催产素对不安全依恋者的人际适应性会产生不同的影响, 主要表现为内源性催产素水平越低, 不安全依恋者的人际适应性越差; 外源性催产素增强了依恋回避个体的人际适应性, 但降低了高依恋焦虑个体的人际适应性; A、G等位基因与不安全依恋者的人际适应性有关。此外还借助依恋理论和社会显著假说解释了上述影响, 不安全依恋者的防御性排斥、环境因素和个体差异调节了催产素的效应。未来应比较催产素受体基因与不安全依恋者人际适应性关系的差异, 催产素影响不安全依恋者人际适应性的性别差异问题, 并在人际互动过程中研究催产素对不安全依恋者人际适应性的影响, 以增强催产素研究的生态效度。     

言语产生中音韵编码的计划广度:来自图-词干扰范式的证据

采用图-词干扰范式,要求被试口语产生包含三个名词的句子,同时听觉呈现干扰刺激并操纵其与各个名词的语音相关性,通过与无关刺激相比,与各个名词语音相关的干扰刺激产生的语音效应,探讨句子产生中音韵编码的计划广度,同时检验音韵编码的层级激活假设。结果发现,只有第一个名词上出现了语音促进效应,第二和第三个名词上既无语音促进,也无语音干扰。该结果与层级激活假设相悖,表明句子产生中音韵编码的计划广度为第一个韵律词。     

一语道破天机

今年农历三月三,我和妻来到海浮山。海浮山南邻冶源泉湖、北傍老龙湾,风景怡人、独特秀丽、闻名遐迩。每年三月三,是海浮山香火之日。这天,来游览观光的,拜佛烧香的、求子求学的、求平安的、做买卖的、算卦的、相面的……人山人海,漫无天际。各种叫卖声、喇叭声、歌声、笑声,欢声笑语连成一片,热闹非凡。我和妻手拉手挤在人流中,沿着上山的石阶缓缓蠕动者。走着走着,我发现了一个衣衫褴褛、蓬头垢面、瘦骨嶙峋的老头,我越看越眼熟,他的出现使我不由得停住了脚步。“怎么了?”妻问。我指了指那个人告诉妻:“他就是我常对你说的老家那个远近闻…